diff --git a/libs/tuple/test/tuple.cpp b/libs/tuple/test/tuple.cpp
index 0c8d9baf..0c52ab8c 100644
--- a/libs/tuple/test/tuple.cpp
+++ b/libs/tuple/test/tuple.cpp
@@ -219,15 +219,6 @@ namespace testspr {
 			}
 
 			// tuple_cat
-			{
-				typedef sprout::tuples::results::tuple_cat<decltype(tup1), decltype(tup2)>::type concatenated_type;
-				TESTSPR_BOTH_ASSERT(sprout::tuples::tuple_size<concatenated_type>::value == 4);
-				TESTSPR_BOTH_ASSERT((std::is_same<sprout::tuples::tuple_element<0, concatenated_type>::type, int>::value));
-				TESTSPR_BOTH_ASSERT((std::is_same<sprout::tuples::tuple_element<1, concatenated_type>::type, double>::value));
-				TESTSPR_BOTH_ASSERT((std::is_same<sprout::tuples::tuple_element<2, concatenated_type>::type, int>::value));
-				TESTSPR_BOTH_ASSERT((std::is_same<sprout::tuples::tuple_element<3, concatenated_type>::type, double>::value));
-			}
-
 			{
 				SPROUT_STATIC_CONSTEXPR auto tup3 = sprout::tuples::tuple_cat(tup1, tup2);
 				TESTSPR_BOTH_ASSERT(sprout::tuples::get<0>(tup3) == 1);
diff --git a/sprout/tuple/tuple/get.hpp b/sprout/tuple/tuple/get.hpp
index 85a27914..3d74039d 100644
--- a/sprout/tuple/tuple/get.hpp
+++ b/sprout/tuple/tuple/get.hpp
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #include <sprout/config.hpp>
 #include <sprout/workaround/std/cstddef.hpp>
 #include <sprout/utility/forward.hpp>
+#include <sprout/utility/move.hpp>
 #include <sprout/tuple/tuple/tuple.hpp>
 #include <sprout/tuple/tuple/tuple_size.hpp>
 #include <sprout/tuple/tuple/tuple_element.hpp>
@@ -81,7 +82,7 @@ namespace sprout_tuple_detail {
 	tuple_get(T&& t)
 	SPROUT_NOEXCEPT_IF_EXPR(sprout::tuples::tuple_access_traits<typename std::remove_reference<T>::type>::template tuple_get<I>(std::declval<T&&>()))
 	{
-		return sprout::tuples::tuple_access_traits<T>::template tuple_get<I>(t);
+		return sprout::move(sprout::tuples::tuple_access_traits<T>::template tuple_get<I>(t));
 	}
 	template<std::size_t I, typename T>
 	inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename sprout::tuples::tuple_traits<T const>::template lvalue_reference<I>::type
diff --git a/sprout/tuple/tuple/make_tuple.hpp b/sprout/tuple/tuple/make_tuple.hpp
index e6617b5a..92091695 100644
--- a/sprout/tuple/tuple/make_tuple.hpp
+++ b/sprout/tuple/tuple/make_tuple.hpp
@@ -12,10 +12,12 @@
 #include <sprout/config.hpp>
 #include <sprout/index_tuple/metafunction.hpp>
 #include <sprout/utility/forward.hpp>
+#include <sprout/utility/pack.hpp>
 #include <sprout/functional/ref.hpp>
 #include <sprout/tuple/tuple/tuple.hpp>
 #include <sprout/tuple/tuple/get.hpp>
-#include <sprout/tuple/indexes.hpp>
+//#include <sprout/tuple/indexes.hpp>
+#include <sprout/type/operation/tuple_cat.hpp>
 
 namespace sprout {
 	namespace tuples {
@@ -46,121 +48,108 @@ namespace sprout {
 			return sprout::tuples::tuple<Types&...>(args...);
 		}
 
-		namespace results {
-			namespace detail {
-				template<typename... Tuples>
-				struct tuple_cat_impl;
-				template<>
-				struct tuple_cat_impl<> {
-					typedef sprout::tuples::tuple<> type;
-				};
-				template<typename Tuple>
-				struct tuple_cat_impl<Tuple> {
-				private:
-					template<typename Tup, typename IndexTuple>
-					struct make;
-					template<typename Tup, sprout::index_t... Indexes>
-					struct make<Tup, sprout::index_tuple<Indexes...> > {
-					public:
-						typedef sprout::tuples::tuple<typename sprout::tuples::tuple_element<Indexes, Tup>::type...> type;
-					};
-				public:
-					typedef typename make<
-						Tuple, typename sprout::tuple_indexes<Tuple>::type
-					>::type type;
-				};
-				template<typename T, typename U, typename... Tuples>
-				struct tuple_cat_impl<T, U, Tuples...> {
-				private:
-					template<typename Tup1, typename IndexTuple1, typename Tup2, typename IndexTuple2>
-					struct make;
-					template<typename Tup1, sprout::index_t... Indexes1, typename Tup2, sprout::index_t... Indexes2>
-					struct make<Tup1, sprout::index_tuple<Indexes1...>, Tup2, sprout::index_tuple<Indexes2...> > {
-					public:
-						typedef sprout::tuples::tuple<
-							typename sprout::tuples::tuple_element<Indexes1, Tup1>::type...,
-							typename sprout::tuples::tuple_element<Indexes2, Tup2>::type...
-						> type;
-					};
-				public:
-					typedef typename sprout::tuples::results::detail::tuple_cat_impl<
-						typename make<
-							T, typename sprout::tuple_indexes<T>::type,
-							U, typename sprout::tuple_indexes<U>::type
-						>::type,
-						Tuples...
-					>::type type;
-				};
-			}	// namespace detail
-			//
-			// tuple_cat
-			//
-			template<typename... Tuples>
-			struct tuple_cat
-				: public sprout::tuples::results::detail::tuple_cat_impl<
-					typename std::decay<Tuples>::type...
-				>
-			{};
-		}	// namespace results
-
-		namespace detail {
-			template<typename... Tuples>
-			struct tuple_cat_1st_indexes;
-			template<>
-			struct tuple_cat_1st_indexes<> {
-			public:
-				typedef sprout::index_tuple<> type;
-			};
-			template<typename Head, typename... Tail>
-			struct tuple_cat_1st_indexes<Head, Tail...>
-				: public sprout::tuple_indexes<typename std::remove_reference<Head>::type>
-			{};
-
-			template<typename Result, typename IndexTuple, typename... Tuples>
-			struct tuple_cat_impl;
-			template<typename Result>
-			struct tuple_cat_impl<Result, sprout::index_tuple<> > {
-			public:
-				template<typename... Args>
-				static SPROUT_CONSTEXPR Result
-				call(Args&&... args) {
-					return Result(SPROUT_FORWARD(Args, args)...);
-				}
-			};
-			template<typename Result, sprout::index_t... Indexes, typename Head, typename... Tail>
-			struct tuple_cat_impl<Result, sprout::index_tuple<Indexes...>, Head, Tail...> {
-			public:
-				template<typename T, typename... Args>
-				static SPROUT_CONSTEXPR Result
-				call(T&& t, Args&&... args) {
-					return sprout::tuples::detail::tuple_cat_impl<
-						Result,
-						typename sprout::tuples::detail::tuple_cat_1st_indexes<Tail...>::type,
-						Tail...
-					>::call(
-						SPROUT_FORWARD(Args, args)...,
-						sprout::tuples::get<Indexes>(SPROUT_FORWARD(T, t))...
-						);
-				}
-			};
-		}	// namespace detail
 		//
 		// tuple_cat
 		//
+		namespace detail {
+			template<typename PackIndexTuple, std::size_t... TupleSizes>
+			struct tuple_cat_indexes_impl;
+			template<sprout::index_t... PackIndexes, std::size_t... TupleSizes>
+			struct tuple_cat_indexes_impl<sprout::index_tuple<PackIndexes...>, TupleSizes...> {
+			public:
+				typedef typename sprout::types::tuple_cat<typename sprout::index_n<PackIndexes, TupleSizes>::type...>::type for_pack;
+				typedef typename sprout::types::tuple_cat<typename sprout::make_index_tuple<TupleSizes>::type...>::type for_element;
+			};
+			template<typename... Tuples>
+			struct tuple_cat_indexes
+				: public sprout::tuples::detail::tuple_cat_indexes_impl<
+					typename sprout::make_index_tuple<sizeof...(Tuples)>::type,
+					sprout::tuples::tuple_size<typename std::decay<Tuples>::type>::value...
+				>
+			{};
+
+			template<typename Result, sprout::index_t... PackIndexes, sprout::index_t... ElemIndexes, typename... Tuples>
+			static SPROUT_CONSTEXPR Result
+			tuple_cat_impl(sprout::index_tuple<PackIndexes...>, sprout::index_tuple<ElemIndexes...>, Tuples&&... tuples) {
+				return Result(sprout::tuples::get<ElemIndexes>(sprout::pack_get<PackIndexes>(SPROUT_FORWARD(Tuples, tuples)...))...);
+			};
+		}	// namespace detail
 		template<typename... Tuples>
-		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename sprout::tuples::results::tuple_cat<Tuples...>::type
+		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename sprout::types::tuple_cat<typename std::decay<Tuples>::type...>::type
 		tuple_cat(Tuples&&... tuples) {
-			return sprout::tuples::detail::tuple_cat_impl<
-				typename sprout::tuples::results::tuple_cat<Tuples...>::type,
-				typename sprout::tuples::detail::tuple_cat_1st_indexes<Tuples...>::type,
-				Tuples...
-			>::call(SPROUT_FORWARD(Tuples, tuples)...);
+			typedef typename sprout::types::tuple_cat<typename std::decay<Tuples>::type...>::type type;
+			typedef sprout::tuples::detail::tuple_cat_indexes<Tuples...> indexes;
+			return sprout::tuples::detail::tuple_cat_impl<type>(indexes::for_pack::make(), indexes::for_element::make(), SPROUT_FORWARD(Tuples, tuples)...);
 		}
+
+//		namespace results {
+//			//
+//			// tuple_cat
+//			//
+//			template<typename... Tuples>
+//			struct tuple_cat
+//				: public sprout::types::tuple_cat<typename std::decay<Tuples>::type...>
+//			{};
+//		}	// namespace results
+//
+//		namespace detail {
+//			template<typename... Tuples>
+//			struct tuple_cat_1st_indexes;
+//			template<>
+//			struct tuple_cat_1st_indexes<> {
+//			public:
+//				typedef sprout::index_tuple<> type;
+//			};
+//			template<typename Head, typename... Tail>
+//			struct tuple_cat_1st_indexes<Head, Tail...>
+//				: public sprout::tuple_indexes<typename std::remove_reference<Head>::type>
+//			{};
+//
+//			template<typename Result, typename IndexTuple, typename... Tuples>
+//			struct tuple_cat_impl;
+//			template<typename Result>
+//			struct tuple_cat_impl<Result, sprout::index_tuple<> > {
+//			public:
+//				template<typename... Args>
+//				static SPROUT_CONSTEXPR Result
+//				call(Args&&... args) {
+//					return Result(SPROUT_FORWARD(Args, args)...);
+//				}
+//			};
+//			template<typename Result, sprout::index_t... Indexes, typename Head, typename... Tail>
+//			struct tuple_cat_impl<Result, sprout::index_tuple<Indexes...>, Head, Tail...> {
+//			public:
+//				template<typename T, typename... Args>
+//				static SPROUT_CONSTEXPR Result
+//				call(T&& t, Args&&... args) {
+//					return sprout::tuples::detail::tuple_cat_impl<
+//						Result,
+//						typename sprout::tuples::detail::tuple_cat_1st_indexes<Tail...>::type,
+//						Tail...
+//					>::call(
+//						SPROUT_FORWARD(Args, args)...,
+//						sprout::tuples::get<Indexes>(SPROUT_FORWARD(T, t))...
+//						);
+//				}
+//			};
+//		}	// namespace detail
+//		//
+//		// tuple_cat
+//		//
+//		template<typename... Tuples>
+//		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename sprout::tuples::results::tuple_cat<Tuples...>::type
+//		tuple_cat(Tuples&&... tuples) {
+//			return sprout::tuples::detail::tuple_cat_impl<
+//				typename sprout::tuples::results::tuple_cat<Tuples...>::type,
+//				typename sprout::tuples::detail::tuple_cat_1st_indexes<Tuples...>::type,
+//				Tuples...
+//			>::call(SPROUT_FORWARD(Tuples, tuples)...);
+//		}
 	}	// namespace tuples
 
-	namespace results {
-		using sprout::tuples::results::tuple_cat;
-	}	// namespace results
+//	namespace results {
+//		using sprout::tuples::results::tuple_cat;
+//	}	// namespace results
 
 	using sprout::tuples::make_tuple;
 	using sprout::tuples::forward_as_tuple;
diff --git a/sprout/tuple/tuple/tuple_access_traits.hpp b/sprout/tuple/tuple/tuple_access_traits.hpp
index 6f63daa6..d1bc8157 100644
--- a/sprout/tuple/tuple/tuple_access_traits.hpp
+++ b/sprout/tuple/tuple/tuple_access_traits.hpp
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #include <tuple>
 #include <sprout/config.hpp>
 #include <sprout/workaround/std/cstddef.hpp>
+#include <sprout/utility/move.hpp>
 #include <sprout/tuple/tuple/tuple_element.hpp>
 
 namespace sprout {
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 			template<std::size_t I>
 			static SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename sprout::tuples::tuple_element<I, Tuple>::type&&
 			tuple_get(Tuple&& t) SPROUT_NOEXCEPT {
-				return std::get<I>(t);
+				return sprout::move(std::get<I>(t));
 			}
 			template<std::size_t I>
 			static SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename sprout::tuples::tuple_element<I, Tuple>::type const&