diff --git a/example/csv/main.cpp b/example/csv/main.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ef2dedf5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/example/csv/main.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+/*=============================================================================
+  Copyright (c) 2011-2016 Bolero MURAKAMI
+  https://github.com/bolero-MURAKAMI/Sprout
+
+  Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+  file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+=============================================================================*/
+
+#include <sprout/workaround/std/cstddef.hpp>
+#include <sprout/array.hpp>
+#include <sprout/sub_array.hpp>
+#include <sprout/range.hpp>
+#include <sprout/iterator.hpp>
+#include <sprout/memory.hpp>
+#include <sprout/string.hpp>
+#include <sprout/algorithm.hpp>
+
+template<typename T, std::size_t N>
+using subbed_array = sprout::sub_array<sprout::array<T, N> >;
+
+template<typename Char>
+struct csv_parser_settings {
+public:
+	typedef Char value_type;
+private:
+	value_type delim_;
+	value_type quote_;
+	value_type escape_;
+public:
+	constexpr csv_parser_settings(value_type delim = Char(','), value_type quote = Char('\"'))
+		: delim_(delim), quote_(quote), escape_(quote)
+	{}
+	constexpr csv_parser_settings(value_type delim, value_type quote, value_type escape)
+		: delim_(delim), quote_(quote), escape_(escape)
+	{}
+	constexpr value_type delimiter() const {
+		return delim_;
+	}
+	constexpr value_type quote() const {
+		return quote_;
+	}
+	constexpr value_type escape() const {
+		return escape_;
+	}
+};
+
+template<std::size_t N, std::size_t L, typename String, typename ResultString = String>
+constexpr subbed_array<subbed_array<ResultString, N>, L>
+parse_csv(String const& src, csv_parser_settings<typename String::value_type> settings = csv_parser_settings<typename String::value_type>()) {
+	typedef typename String::value_type value_type;
+	subbed_array<subbed_array<ResultString, N>, L> result = {};
+	result.window(0, 1);
+	result.back().window(0, 0);
+	auto delimiters = sprout::make_string(settings.delimiter(), value_type('\r'), value_type('\n'));
+	auto first = sprout::begin(src), last = sprout::end(src);
+	while (first != last) {
+		if (*first == settings.quote()) {
+			// quoted element
+			++first;
+			auto end_quote = sprout::find(first, last, settings.quote());
+			while (true) {
+				if (end_quote == last) {
+					throw 0;
+				}
+				auto next = sprout::next(end_quote);
+				if (next != last) {
+					if (*next == settings.escape()) {
+						// escaped quote
+						++next;
+						end_quote = sprout::find(next, last, settings.quote());
+						continue;
+					}
+					if (!sprout::any_of_equal(delimiters.begin(), delimiters.end(), *next)) {
+						throw 0;
+					}
+					if (*next == value_type('\r') && sprout::next(next) != last && *sprout::next(next) == value_type('\n')) {
+						++next;
+					}
+				}
+				result.back().push_back(
+					ResultString(sprout::addressof(*first), sprout::distance(first, end_quote))
+					);
+				first = next;
+				break;
+			}
+		} else {
+			// no quoted element
+			auto next = sprout::find_first_of(first, last, delimiters.begin(), delimiters.end());
+			if (next != last) {
+				if (*next == value_type('\r') && sprout::next(next) != last && *sprout::next(next) == value_type('\n')) {
+					++next;
+				}
+			}
+			result.back().push_back(
+				ResultString(sprout::addressof(*first), sprout::distance(first, next))
+				);
+			first = next;
+		}
+		if (first != last) {
+			if ((*first == value_type('\r') || *first == value_type('\n')) && sprout::next(first) != last) {
+				result.offset(0, 1);
+				result.back().window(0, 0);
+			}
+			++first;
+		}
+	}
+	return result;
+}
+
+#include <iostream>
+#include <sprout/utility/string_view.hpp>
+
+int main() {
+	using namespace sprout::udl;
+	constexpr auto src = R"(
+(no quoted),a,b,c
+(quoted),"d","e","f"
+(escaped),"""g""","""h""","""i"""
+(comma),"j,k","l,m","n,o"
+(new line),"p
+q","r
+s","t
+u"
+)"_sv;
+	constexpr auto result = parse_csv<16, 16>(src);
+	for (auto const& field : result) {
+		for (auto const& elem : field) {
+			std::cout
+				<< elem << std::endl
+				<< "----" << std::endl
+				;
+		}
+		std::cout
+			<< "----------------------------------------" << std::endl
+			;
+	}
+}
diff --git a/sprout/ctype/ascii.hpp b/sprout/ctype/ascii.hpp
index 08f3a61a..dacd757a 100644
--- a/sprout/ctype/ascii.hpp
+++ b/sprout/ctype/ascii.hpp
@@ -249,7 +249,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 			return sprout::ascii::detail::get_value(c) & sprout::ascii::detail::lower ? c - (0x61 - 0x41) : c; \
 		} \
 		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR bool \
-		SPROUT_PP_CAT(is, SPROUT_PP_CAT(PREFIX, classified))(sprout::ctypes::mask_t m, CHAR_TYPE c) { \
+		SPROUT_PP_CAT(is, SPROUT_PP_CAT(PREFIX, classified))(sprout::ctypes::mask m, CHAR_TYPE c) { \
 			return (m | sprout::ctypes::alnum && (sprout::ascii::detail::get_value(c) & (sprout::ascii::detail::alpha | sprout::ascii::detail::digit))) \
 				|| (m | sprout::ctypes::alpha && (sprout::ascii::detail::get_value(c) & sprout::ascii::detail::alpha)) \
 				|| (m | sprout::ctypes::blank && (sprout::ascii::detail::get_value(c) & sprout::ascii::detail::blank)) \
diff --git a/sprout/ctype/functor.hpp b/sprout/ctype/functor.hpp
index bf38f1f7..e954357a 100644
--- a/sprout/ctype/functor.hpp
+++ b/sprout/ctype/functor.hpp
@@ -384,9 +384,9 @@ namespace sprout {
 			typedef T argument_type;
 			typedef bool result_type;
 		private:
-			sprout::ctypes::mask_t m_;
+			sprout::ctypes::mask m_;
 		public:
-			explicit SPROUT_CONSTEXPR is_classified(sprout::ctypes::mask_t m)
+			explicit SPROUT_CONSTEXPR is_classified(sprout::ctypes::mask m)
 				: m_(m)
 			{}
 			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR bool
@@ -399,9 +399,9 @@ namespace sprout {
 		public:
 			typedef bool result_type;
 		private:
-			sprout::ctypes::mask_t m_;
+			sprout::ctypes::mask m_;
 		public:
-			explicit SPROUT_CONSTEXPR is_classified(sprout::ctypes::mask_t m)
+			explicit SPROUT_CONSTEXPR is_classified(sprout::ctypes::mask m)
 				: m_(m)
 			{}
 			template<typename T>
diff --git a/sprout/ctype/mask.hpp b/sprout/ctype/mask.hpp
index 392e9e40..9bc2d4ab 100644
--- a/sprout/ctype/mask.hpp
+++ b/sprout/ctype/mask.hpp
@@ -10,40 +10,59 @@
 
 #include <locale>
 #include <sprout/config.hpp>
+#include <sprout/detail/predef.hpp>
 
 namespace sprout {
 	namespace ctypes {
 		//
-		// mask_t
+		// mask
 		//
-		typedef std::ctype_base::mask mask_t;
-
-		//
-		// space
-		// print
-		// cntrl
-		// upper
-		// lower
-		// alpha
-		// digit
-		// punct
-		// xdigit
-		// blank
-		// alnum
-		// graph
-		//
-		SPROUT_STATIC_CONSTEXPR sprout::ctypes::mask_t space = std::ctype_base::space;
-		SPROUT_STATIC_CONSTEXPR sprout::ctypes::mask_t print = std::ctype_base::print;
-		SPROUT_STATIC_CONSTEXPR sprout::ctypes::mask_t cntrl = std::ctype_base::cntrl;
-		SPROUT_STATIC_CONSTEXPR sprout::ctypes::mask_t upper = std::ctype_base::upper;
-		SPROUT_STATIC_CONSTEXPR sprout::ctypes::mask_t lower = std::ctype_base::lower;
-		SPROUT_STATIC_CONSTEXPR sprout::ctypes::mask_t alpha = std::ctype_base::alpha;
-		SPROUT_STATIC_CONSTEXPR sprout::ctypes::mask_t digit = std::ctype_base::digit;
-		SPROUT_STATIC_CONSTEXPR sprout::ctypes::mask_t punct = std::ctype_base::punct;
-		SPROUT_STATIC_CONSTEXPR sprout::ctypes::mask_t xdigit = std::ctype_base::xdigit;
-		SPROUT_STATIC_CONSTEXPR sprout::ctypes::mask_t blank = /*std::ctype_base::blank*/1 << 9;
-		SPROUT_STATIC_CONSTEXPR sprout::ctypes::mask_t alnum = std::ctype_base::alnum;
-		SPROUT_STATIC_CONSTEXPR sprout::ctypes::mask_t graph = std::ctype_base::graph;
+		enum mask {
+			space = std::ctype_base::space,
+			print = std::ctype_base::print,
+			cntrl = std::ctype_base::cntrl,
+			upper = std::ctype_base::upper,
+			lower = std::ctype_base::lower,
+			alpha = std::ctype_base::alpha,
+			digit = std::ctype_base::digit,
+			punct = std::ctype_base::punct,
+			xdigit = std::ctype_base::xdigit,
+#if SPROUT_GCC_EARLIER(5, 0, 0)
+			blank = 0x0001,
+#else	// #if SPROUT_GCC_EARLIER(5, 0, 0)
+			blank = std::ctype_base::blank,
+#endif	// #if SPROUT_GCC_EARLIER(5, 0, 0)
+			alnum = std::ctype_base::alnum,
+			graph = std::ctype_base::graph
+		};
+		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR sprout::ctypes::mask
+		operator&(sprout::ctypes::mask x, sprout::ctypes::mask y) {
+			return sprout::ctypes::mask(static_cast<int>(x) & static_cast<int>(y));
+		}
+		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR sprout::ctypes::mask
+		operator|(sprout::ctypes::mask x, sprout::ctypes::mask y) {
+			return sprout::ctypes::mask(static_cast<int>(x) | static_cast<int>(y));
+		}
+		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR sprout::ctypes::mask
+		operator^(sprout::ctypes::mask x, sprout::ctypes::mask y) {
+			return sprout::ctypes::mask(static_cast<int>(x) ^ static_cast<int>(y));
+		}
+		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR sprout::ctypes::mask
+		operator~(sprout::ctypes::mask x) {
+			return sprout::ctypes::mask(~static_cast<int>(x));
+		}
+		inline SPROUT_CXX14_CONSTEXPR sprout::ctypes::mask&
+		operator&=(sprout::ctypes::mask& x, sprout::ctypes::mask y) {
+			return x = x & y;
+		}
+		inline SPROUT_CXX14_CONSTEXPR sprout::ctypes::mask&
+		operator|=(sprout::ctypes::mask& x, sprout::ctypes::mask y) {
+			return x = x | y;
+		}
+		inline SPROUT_CXX14_CONSTEXPR sprout::ctypes::mask&
+		operator^=(sprout::ctypes::mask& x, sprout::ctypes::mask y) {
+			return x = x ^ y;
+		}
 	}	// namespace ctypes
 }	// namespace sprout