diff --git a/sprout/algorithm/fixed/shuffle.hpp b/sprout/algorithm/fixed/shuffle.hpp
index 75261f41..db9f4680 100644
--- a/sprout/algorithm/fixed/shuffle.hpp
+++ b/sprout/algorithm/fixed/shuffle.hpp
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				UniformRandomNumberGenerator&& g
 				)
 			{
-				
+
 				return n > 0
 					? sprout::fixed::detail::make_shuffle_indexes_1(
 						n,
diff --git a/sprout/detail/integer.hpp b/sprout/detail/integer.hpp
index 3630d156..3ed939ac 100644
--- a/sprout/detail/integer.hpp
+++ b/sprout/detail/integer.hpp
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@
 namespace sprout {
 	namespace detail {
 		template<typename LeastInt>
-		struct int_fast_t { 
-			typedef LeastInt fast; 
+		struct int_fast_t {
+			typedef LeastInt fast;
 			typedef fast type;
 		};
 
diff --git a/sprout/detail/integer/integer_mask.hpp b/sprout/detail/integer/integer_mask.hpp
index 2a8487de..cd222cf6 100644
--- a/sprout/detail/integer/integer_mask.hpp
+++ b/sprout/detail/integer/integer_mask.hpp
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ namespace sprout {
 		template<std::size_t Bits>
 		struct high_bit_mask_t {
 		public:
-		    typedef typename sprout::detail::uint_t<(Bits + 1)>::least least;
-		    typedef typename sprout::detail::uint_t<(Bits + 1)>::fast fast;
+			typedef typename sprout::detail::uint_t<(Bits + 1)>::least least;
+			typedef typename sprout::detail::uint_t<(Bits + 1)>::fast fast;
 		public:
 			SPROUT_STATIC_CONSTEXPR least high_bit = least(1u) << Bits;
 			SPROUT_STATIC_CONSTEXPR fast high_bit_fast = fast(1u) << Bits;
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@ namespace sprout {
 		template<std::size_t Bits>
 		struct low_bits_mask_t {
 		public:
-		    typedef typename sprout::detail::uint_t<Bits>::least least;
-		    typedef typename sprout::detail::uint_t<Bits>::fast fast;
+			typedef typename sprout::detail::uint_t<Bits>::least least;
+			typedef typename sprout::detail::uint_t<Bits>::fast fast;
 		public:
 			SPROUT_STATIC_CONSTEXPR least sig_bits = ~(~(least(0u)) << Bits);
 			SPROUT_STATIC_CONSTEXPR fast sig_bits_fast = fast(sig_bits);
@@ -35,9 +35,9 @@ namespace sprout {
 		template<> \
 		struct low_bits_mask_t<std::numeric_limits<Type>::digits> { \
 		public: \
-	    	typedef std::numeric_limits<Type> limits_type; \
-	    	typedef typename sprout::detail::uint_t<limits_type::digits>::least least; \
-	    	typedef typename sprout::detail::uint_t<limits_type::digits>::fast fast; \
+			typedef std::numeric_limits<Type> limits_type; \
+			typedef typename sprout::detail::uint_t<limits_type::digits>::least least; \
+			typedef typename sprout::detail::uint_t<limits_type::digits>::fast fast; \
 		public: \
 			SPROUT_STATIC_CONSTEXPR least sig_bits = ~(least(0u)); \
 			SPROUT_STATIC_CONSTEXPR fast sig_bits_fast = fast(sig_bits); \
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 		SPROUT_LOW_BITS_MASK_SPECIALIZE(unsigned long);
 #endif
 #if ULLONG_MAX > ULONG_MAX
-	    SPROUT_LOW_BITS_MASK_SPECIALIZE(unsigned long long);
+		SPROUT_LOW_BITS_MASK_SPECIALIZE(unsigned long long);
 #endif
 
 #undef SPROUT_LOW_BITS_MASK_SPECIALIZE
diff --git a/sprout/iterator/next.hpp b/sprout/iterator/next.hpp
index a031f9b9..9699a409 100644
--- a/sprout/iterator/next.hpp
+++ b/sprout/iterator/next.hpp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #ifndef SPROUT_ITERATOR_NEXT_HPP
 #define SPROUT_ITERATOR_NEXT_HPP
-	
+
 #include <iterator>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <sprout/config.hpp>
diff --git a/sprout/iterator/value_iterator.hpp b/sprout/iterator/value_iterator.hpp
index a18b95b2..aa4858fe 100644
--- a/sprout/iterator/value_iterator.hpp
+++ b/sprout/iterator/value_iterator.hpp
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <iterator>
 #include <utility>
+#include <stdexcept>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <sprout/config.hpp>
 #include <sprout/iterator/next.hpp>
@@ -99,13 +100,13 @@ namespace sprout {
 		SPROUT_CONSTEXPR reference operator*() const {
 			return count_ != 0
 				? holder_.get()
-				: (throw "assert(count_ != 0)", holder_.get())
+				: (throw std::out_of_range("value_iterator<>: dereference at out of range"), holder_.get())
 				;
 		}
 		SPROUT_CONSTEXPR pointer operator->() const {
 			return count_ != 0
 				? holder_.get_pointer()
-				: throw "assert(count_ != 0)"
+				: throw std::out_of_range("value_iterator<>: dereference at out of range")
 				;
 		}
 		value_iterator& operator++() {
diff --git a/sprout/math/factorial.hpp b/sprout/math/factorial.hpp
index 5fa0790e..f86aee9d 100644
--- a/sprout/math/factorial.hpp
+++ b/sprout/math/factorial.hpp
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <cstdint>
+#include <stdexcept>
 #include <sprout/config.hpp>
 #include <sprout/array.hpp>
 
@@ -634,7 +635,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 		SPROUT_CONSTEXPR T factorial(std::size_t x) {
 			return x <= sprout::math::detail::factorials<T>::limit
 				? sprout::math::detail::factorials<T>::table[x]
-				: throw "assert(x <= sprout::math::detail::factorials<T>::limit)"
+				: throw std::invalid_argument("factorial(): argument limit exceeded")
 				;
 		}
 	}	// namespace math
diff --git a/sprout/random/bernoulli_distribution.hpp b/sprout/random/bernoulli_distribution.hpp
index d819822b..051feba0 100644
--- a/sprout/random/bernoulli_distribution.hpp
+++ b/sprout/random/bernoulli_distribution.hpp
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #define SPROUT_RANDOM_BERNOULLI_DISTRIBUTION_HPP
 
 #include <iosfwd>
+#include <stdexcept>
 #include <sprout/config.hpp>
 #include <sprout/random/random_result.hpp>
 
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 			static SPROUT_CONSTEXPR RealType arg_check(RealType p_arg) {
 				return arg_check_nothrow(p_arg)
 					? p_arg
-					: throw "assert(p_arg >= 0 && p_arg <= 1)"
+					: throw std::invalid_argument("bernoulli_distribution<>: invalid argument (p_arg >= 0 && p_arg <= 1)")
 					;
 			}
 		public:
diff --git a/sprout/random/binomial_distribution.hpp b/sprout/random/binomial_distribution.hpp
index 925c2b89..e5843bc5 100644
--- a/sprout/random/binomial_distribution.hpp
+++ b/sprout/random/binomial_distribution.hpp
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include <cmath>
 #include <iosfwd>
 #include <istream>
+#include <stdexcept>
 #include <sprout/config.hpp>
 #include <sprout/array.hpp>
 #include <sprout/random/random_result.hpp>
@@ -59,7 +60,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 			static SPROUT_CONSTEXPR IntType arg_check(IntType t_arg, RealType p_arg) {
 				return arg_check_nothrow(t_arg, p_arg)
 					? t_arg
-					: throw "assert(t_arg >= IntType(0) && RealType(0) <= p_arg && p_arg <= RealType(1))"
+					: throw std::invalid_argument("binomial_distribution<>: invalid argument (t_arg >= 0 && 0 <= p_arg && p_arg <= 1)")
 					;
 			}
 		public:
diff --git a/sprout/random/detail/const_mod.hpp b/sprout/random/detail/const_mod.hpp
index a36b6ce0..e807fbf7 100644
--- a/sprout/random/detail/const_mod.hpp
+++ b/sprout/random/detail/const_mod.hpp
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #define SPROUT_RANDOM_DETAIL_CONST_MOD_HPP
 
 #include <limits>
+#include <stdexcept>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <sprout/config.hpp>
 
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				static SPROUT_CONSTEXPR IntType mult_schrage_1(IntType a, IntType value, IntType q, IntType r) {
 					return r < q
 						? sub(a * (value % q), r * (value / q))
-						: throw "assert(r < q)"
+						: throw std::domain_error("const_mod<>: domain error (r < q)")
 						;
 				}
 				static SPROUT_CONSTEXPR IntType mult_schrage(IntType a, IntType value) {
@@ -40,7 +41,8 @@ namespace sprout {
 				static SPROUT_CONSTEXPR IntType mult_general(IntType a, IntType b) {
 					return std::uintmax_t(modulus) <= std::numeric_limits<std::uintmax_t>::max() / modulus
 						? static_cast<IntType>(std::uintmax_t(a) * b % modulus)
-						: /*static_cast<IntType>(sprout::random::detail::mulmod(a, b, modulus))*/throw "Sorry, not implemented."
+						//: static_cast<IntType>(sprout::random::detail::mulmod(a, b, modulus)) // ???
+						: throw std::domain_error("const_mod<>: Sorry, not implemented.")
 						;
 				}
 				static SPROUT_CONSTEXPR IntType sub(IntType a, IntType b) {
@@ -61,7 +63,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				static SPROUT_CONSTEXPR IntType invert_euclidian(IntType c) {
 					return c > 0
 						? c == 1 ? 1 : invert_euclidian_1(c, 0, 1, c, m)
-						: throw "assert(c > 0)"
+						: throw std::domain_error("const_mod<>: domain error (c > 0)")
 						;
 				}
 				static SPROUT_CONSTEXPR IntType invert_euclidian0_3(IntType c, IntType l1, IntType l2, IntType n, IntType p) {
@@ -73,13 +75,13 @@ namespace sprout {
 				static SPROUT_CONSTEXPR IntType invert_euclidian0_1(IntType c, IntType l1, IntType l2, IntType n, IntType p) {
 					return std::numeric_limits<IntType>::max() % n != n - 1
 						? invert_euclidian0_2(c, l1 + (std::numeric_limits<IntType>::max() / n) * l2, l2, n, std::numeric_limits<IntType>::max() - (std::numeric_limits<IntType>::max() / n) * n + 1)
-						: throw "assert(std::numeric_limits<IntType>::max() % n != n - 1)"
+						: throw std::domain_error("const_mod<>: domain error (numeric_limits<IntType>::max() % n != n - 1)")
 						;
 				}
 				static SPROUT_CONSTEXPR IntType invert_euclidian0(IntType c) {
 					return c > 0
 						? c == 1 ? 1 : invert_euclidian0_1(c, 0, 1, c, m)
-						: throw "assert(c > 0)"
+						: throw std::domain_error("const_mod<>: domain error (c > 0)")
 						;
 				}
 			public:
diff --git a/sprout/random/geometric_distribution.hpp b/sprout/random/geometric_distribution.hpp
index ffe5467f..39951fdf 100644
--- a/sprout/random/geometric_distribution.hpp
+++ b/sprout/random/geometric_distribution.hpp
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include <cmath>
 #include <ios>
 #include <limits>
+#include <stdexcept>
 #include <sprout/config.hpp>
 #include <sprout/random/random_result.hpp>
 #include <sprout/random/uniform_01.hpp>
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 			static SPROUT_CONSTEXPR RealType arg_check(RealType p_arg) {
 				return arg_check_nothrow(p_arg)
 					? p_arg
-					: throw "assert(RealType(0) < p_arg && p_arg < RealType(1))"
+					: throw std::invalid_argument("geometric_distribution<>: invalid argument (0 < p_arg && p_arg < 1)")
 					;
 			}
 		public:
diff --git a/sprout/random/inversive_congruential.hpp b/sprout/random/inversive_congruential.hpp
index 139231bb..380dd774 100644
--- a/sprout/random/inversive_congruential.hpp
+++ b/sprout/random/inversive_congruential.hpp
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <limits>
 #include <ios>
+#include <stdexcept>
 #include <sprout/config.hpp>
 #include <sprout/random/detail/const_mod.hpp>
 #include <sprout/random/random_result.hpp>
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 			static SPROUT_CONSTEXPR IntType arg_check(IntType const& x0) {
 				return arg_check_nothrow(x0)
 					? x0
-					: throw "assert(x0 >= static_min() && x0 <= static_max())"
+					: throw std::invalid_argument("inversive_congruential_engine<>: invalid argument (x0 >= static_min() && x0 <= static_max())")
 					;
 			}
 			static SPROUT_CONSTEXPR IntType init_seed_2(IntType const& x0) {
diff --git a/sprout/random/linear_congruential.hpp b/sprout/random/linear_congruential.hpp
index eb875f13..e51804c1 100644
--- a/sprout/random/linear_congruential.hpp
+++ b/sprout/random/linear_congruential.hpp
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <limits>
 #include <ios>
+#include <stdexcept>
 #include <sprout/config.hpp>
 #include <sprout/random/detail/const_mod.hpp>
 #include <sprout/random/random_result.hpp>
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 			static SPROUT_CONSTEXPR IntType arg_check(IntType const& x0) {
 				return arg_check_nothrow(x0)
 					? x0
-					: throw "assert(x0 >= static_min() && x0 <= static_max())"
+					: throw std::invalid_argument("linear_congruential_engine<>: invalid argument (x0 >= static_min() && x0 <= static_max())")
 					;
 			}
 			static SPROUT_CONSTEXPR IntType init_seed_2(IntType const& x0) {
diff --git a/sprout/random/normal_distribution.hpp b/sprout/random/normal_distribution.hpp
index 0041267d..61b7ec23 100644
--- a/sprout/random/normal_distribution.hpp
+++ b/sprout/random/normal_distribution.hpp
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include <limits>
 #include <ios>
 #include <istream>
+#include <stdexcept>
 #include <sprout/config.hpp>
 #include <sprout/random/uniform_01.hpp>
 #include <sprout/random/random_result.hpp>
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 			static SPROUT_CONSTEXPR RealType arg_check(RealType mean_arg, RealType sigma_arg) {
 				return arg_check_nothrow(mean_arg, sigma_arg)
 					? mean_arg
-					: throw "assert(sigma_arg >= RealType(0))"
+					: throw std::invalid_argument("normal_distribution<>: invalid argument (sigma_arg >= 0)")
 					;
 			}
 		public:
diff --git a/sprout/random/random_iterator.hpp b/sprout/random/random_iterator.hpp
index bb04c823..481ba65b 100644
--- a/sprout/random/random_iterator.hpp
+++ b/sprout/random/random_iterator.hpp
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR random_iterator operator()() const {
 				return count_ != 0
 					? random_iterator(random_(), count_ > 0 ? count_ - 1 : count_)
-					: throw "assert(count_ != 0)"
+					: throw std::out_of_range("random_iterator<>: increment at out of range")
 					;
 			}
 			random_result_type& random_result() {
@@ -119,13 +119,13 @@ namespace sprout {
 			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR reference operator*() const {
 				return count_ != 0
 					? random_.result()
-					: (throw "assert(count_ != 0)", random_.result())
+					: (throw std::out_of_range("random_iterator<>: dereference at out of range"), random_.result())
 					;
 			}
 			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR pointer operator->() const {
 				return count_ != 0
 					? &random_.result()
-					: throw "assert(count_ != 0)"
+					: throw std::out_of_range("random_iterator<>: dereference at out of range")
 					;
 			}
 			random_iterator& operator++() {
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR random_iterator operator()() const {
 				return count_ != 0
 					? random_iterator(random_(), count_ > 0 ? count_ - 1 : count_)
-					: throw "assert(count_ != 0)"
+					: throw std::out_of_range("random_iterator<>: increment at out of range")
 					;
 			}
 			random_result_type& random_result() {
@@ -232,13 +232,13 @@ namespace sprout {
 			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR reference operator*() const {
 				return count_ != 0
 					? random_.result()
-					: (throw "assert(count_ != 0)", random_.result())
+					: (throw std::out_of_range("random_iterator<>: dereference at out of range"), random_.result())
 					;
 			}
 			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR pointer operator->() const {
 				return count_ > 0
 					? &random_.result()
-					: throw "assert(count_ != 0)"
+					: throw std::out_of_range("random_iterator<>: dereference at out of range")
 					;
 			}
 			random_iterator& operator++() {
diff --git a/sprout/random/shuffle_order.hpp b/sprout/random/shuffle_order.hpp
index 55374e91..373b9433 100644
--- a/sprout/random/shuffle_order.hpp
+++ b/sprout/random/shuffle_order.hpp
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include <limits>
 #include <ios>
 #include <istream>
+#include <stdexcept>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <sprout/config.hpp>
 #include <sprout/array.hpp>
@@ -102,7 +103,8 @@ namespace sprout {
 					k == 1 ? BaseUnsigned(0)
 						: brange < std::numeric_limits<BaseUnsigned>::max() / k ? BaseUnsigned(k * off / (brange + 1))
 						: brange < std::numeric_limits<std::uintmax_t>::max() / k ? static_cast<BaseUnsigned>(static_cast<std::uintmax_t>(off) * k / (static_cast<std::uintmax_t>(brange) + 1))
-						: /*static_cast<BaseUnsigned>(sprout::random::detail::muldiv(off, k, static_cast<std::uintmax_t>(brange) + 1))*/throw "Sorry, not implemented."
+						//: static_cast<BaseUnsigned>(sprout::random::detail::muldiv(off, k, static_cast<std::uintmax_t>(brange) + 1)) // ???
+						: throw std::domain_error("shuffle_order_engine<>: Sorry, not implemented.")
 					);
 			}
 		public:
diff --git a/sprout/random/uniform_int_distribution.hpp b/sprout/random/uniform_int_distribution.hpp
index 02c0deb5..737b58d0 100644
--- a/sprout/random/uniform_int_distribution.hpp
+++ b/sprout/random/uniform_int_distribution.hpp
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include <limits>
 #include <ios>
 #include <istream>
+#include <stdexcept>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <sprout/config.hpp>
 #include <sprout/random/detail/signed_unsigned_tools.hpp>
@@ -396,7 +397,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 			static SPROUT_CONSTEXPR IntType arg_check(IntType min_arg, IntType max_arg) {
 				return arg_check_nothrow(min_arg, max_arg)
 					? min_arg
-					: throw "assert(min_arg <= max_arg)"
+					: throw std::invalid_argument("uniform_int_distribution<>: invalid argument (min_arg <= max_arg)")
 					;
 			}
 		public:
diff --git a/sprout/random/uniform_real_distribution.hpp b/sprout/random/uniform_real_distribution.hpp
index 45e5bbd3..37c151ec 100644
--- a/sprout/random/uniform_real_distribution.hpp
+++ b/sprout/random/uniform_real_distribution.hpp
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 #include <ios>
 #include <istream>
+#include <stdexcept>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <sprout/config.hpp>
 #include <sprout/random/detail/signed_unsigned_tools.hpp>
@@ -54,8 +55,8 @@ namespace sprout {
 							max_value,
 							numerator / divisor * (max_value - min_value) + min_value
 							)
-						: throw "assert(numerator >= 0 && numerator <= divisor)"
-					: throw "assert(divisor > 0)"
+						: throw std::domain_error("generate_uniform_real(): domain error (numerator >= 0 && numerator <= divisor)")
+					: throw std::domain_error("generate_uniform_real(): domain error (divisor > 0)")
 					;
 			}
 			template<typename Engine, typename T>
@@ -123,8 +124,8 @@ namespace sprout {
 							max_value,
 							numerator / divisor * (max_value - min_value) + min_value
 							)
-						: throw "assert(numerator >= 0 && numerator <= divisor)"
-					: throw "assert(divisor > 0)"
+						: throw std::domain_error("generate_uniform_real(): domain error (numerator >= 0 && numerator <= divisor)")
+					: throw std::domain_error("generate_uniform_real(): domain error (divisor > 0)")
 					;
 			}
 			template<typename Engine, typename T>
@@ -188,7 +189,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 			static SPROUT_CONSTEXPR RealType arg_check(RealType min_arg, RealType max_arg) {
 				return arg_check_nothrow(min_arg, max_arg)
 					? min_arg
-					: throw "assert(min_arg <= max_arg)"
+					: throw std::invalid_argument("uniform_real_distribution<>: invalid argument (min_arg <= max_arg)")
 					;
 			}
 		public:
diff --git a/sprout/random/uniform_smallint.hpp b/sprout/random/uniform_smallint.hpp
index 867b2d56..7035730a 100644
--- a/sprout/random/uniform_smallint.hpp
+++ b/sprout/random/uniform_smallint.hpp
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 #include <iosfwd>
 #include <istream>
+#include <stdexcept>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <sprout/config.hpp>
 #include <sprout/random/detail/signed_unsigned_tools.hpp>
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 			static SPROUT_CONSTEXPR IntType arg_check(IntType min_arg, IntType max_arg) {
 				return arg_check_nothrow(min_arg, max_arg)
 					? min_arg
-					: throw "assert(min_arg <= max_arg)"
+					: throw std::invalid_argument("uniform_smallint<>: invalid argument (min_arg <= max_arg)")
 					;
 			}
 		public:
diff --git a/sprout/string.hpp b/sprout/string.hpp
index a3a1c2c5..a0b9ecae 100644
--- a/sprout/string.hpp
+++ b/sprout/string.hpp
@@ -54,9 +54,9 @@ namespace sprout {
 				;
 		}
 		static SPROUT_CONSTEXPR std::size_t length(char_type const* s) {
-    		return !*s ? 0
-    			: 1 + length(s + 1)
-    			;
+			return !*s ? 0
+				: 1 + length(s + 1)
+				;
 		}
 		static SPROUT_CONSTEXPR char_type const* find(char_type const* s, std::size_t n, char_type const& a) {
 			return !n ? nullptr
@@ -115,9 +115,9 @@ namespace sprout {
 		}
 		template<typename ConstIterator>
 		static SPROUT_CONSTEXPR std::size_t length(ConstIterator s) {
-    		return !*s ? 0
-    			: 1 + length(s + 1)
-    			;
+			return !*s ? 0
+				: 1 + length(s + 1)
+				;
 		}
 		template<typename ConstIterator>
 		static SPROUT_CONSTEXPR ConstIterator find(ConstIterator s, std::size_t n, char_type const& a) {
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 		static SPROUT_CONSTEXPR basic_string<T, N, Traits> from_c_str(value_type const* s, size_type n) {
 			return !(N < n)
 				? from_c_str_impl(s, n, typename sprout::index_range<0, N>::type())
-				: throw "basic_string<>: index out of range"
+				: throw std::out_of_range("basic_string<>: index out of range")
 				;
 		}
 		static SPROUT_CONSTEXPR basic_string<T, N, Traits> from_c_str(value_type const* s) {
@@ -465,7 +465,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				? n == npos
 					? substr(pos, size() - pos)
 					: from_c_str(c_str() + pos, n)
-				: throw "basic_string<>: index out of range"
+				: throw std::out_of_range("basic_string<>: index out of range")
 				;
 		}
 		template<std::size_t N2>
@@ -486,13 +486,13 @@ namespace sprout {
 		SPROUT_CONSTEXPR int compare(size_type pos1, size_type n1, basic_string<T, N2, Traits> const& str, size_type pos2, size_type n2) const {
 			return !(str.size() < pos2)
 				? compare(pos1, n1, str.begin() + pos2, NS_SSCRISK_CEL_OR_SPROUT_DETAIL::min(n2, str.size() - pos2))
-				: throw "basic_string<>: index out of range"
+				: throw std::out_of_range("basic_string<>: index out of range")
 				;
 		}
 		SPROUT_CONSTEXPR int compare(size_type pos1, size_type n1, value_type const* s, size_type n2) const {
 			return !(size() < pos1)
 				? compare_impl_1(begin(), pos1, NS_SSCRISK_CEL_OR_SPROUT_DETAIL::min(n1, size() - pos1), s, n2)
-				: throw "basic_string<>: index out of range"
+				: throw std::out_of_range("basic_string<>: index out of range")
 				;
 		}
 		// others:
@@ -560,7 +560,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 		>::type compare(size_type pos1, size_type n1, ConstIterator s, size_type n2) const {
 			return !(size() < pos1)
 				? compare_impl_1(begin(), pos1, NS_SSCRISK_CEL_OR_SPROUT_DETAIL::min(n1, size() - pos1), s, n2)
-				: throw "basic_string<>: index out of range"
+				: throw std::out_of_range("basic_string<>: index out of range")
 				;
 		}
 #endif
diff --git a/sprout/uuid/name_generator.hpp b/sprout/uuid/name_generator.hpp
index fbf16949..58e49695 100644
--- a/sprout/uuid/name_generator.hpp
+++ b/sprout/uuid/name_generator.hpp
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 		private:
 			typedef typename result_type::value_type value_type;
 		private:
-		    sprout::sha1 sha_;
+			sprout::sha1 sha_;
 		private:
 			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR result_type sha_to_uuid_1(sprout::sha1::value_type const& value) const {
 				return result_type{{
diff --git a/sprout/uuid/string_generator.hpp b/sprout/uuid/string_generator.hpp
index 10c7214a..a6d7d4e3 100644
--- a/sprout/uuid/string_generator.hpp
+++ b/sprout/uuid/string_generator.hpp
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <iterator>
+#include <stdexcept>
 #include <sprout/config.hpp>
 #include <sprout/string.hpp>
 #include <sprout/uuid/uuid.hpp>
@@ -30,7 +31,10 @@ namespace sprout {
 				Iterator last;
 			public:
 				SPROUT_CONSTEXPR next_char(Iterator f, Iterator l)
-					: c(f != l ? *f : throw "string_generator: invalid uuid string (out of range)")
+					: c(f != l
+						? *f
+						: throw std::domain_error("string_generator: invalid uuid string (out of range)")
+						)
 					, first(sprout::next(f))
 					, last(l)
 				{}
@@ -42,7 +46,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR std::uint8_t value_at(std::size_t i) const {
 				return i < 22
 					? sprout::uuids::detail::values<void>::table[i]
-					: throw "string_generator: invalid uuid string (invalid character)"
+					: throw std::domain_error("string_generator: invalid uuid string (invalid character)")
 					;
 			}
 			template<typename Elem>
@@ -110,7 +114,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				return has_dashes
 					? is_dash(nc.c)
 						? generate_2_2(nc.next(), open_brace, has_dashes, args...)
-						//: throw "string_generator: invalid uuid string (dashes not found)" // ???
+						//: throw std::domain_error("string_generator: invalid uuid string (dashes not found)") // ???
 						: generate_2_2(nc, open_brace, has_dashes, args...)
 					: generate_2_2(nc, open_brace, has_dashes, args...)
 					;
@@ -139,7 +143,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 			>::type generate_2(next_char<Iterator> nc, Char open_brace, bool has_dashes, Args... args) const {
 				return !open_brace || (open_brace && is_close_brace(nc.next().c, open_brace))
 					? result_type{{args...}}
-					: throw "string_generator: invalid uuid string (brace not closed)"
+					: throw std::domain_error("string_generator: invalid uuid string (brace not closed)")
 					;
 			}
 			template<typename Iterator, typename Char, typename... Args>
diff --git a/sprout/uuid/uuid.hpp b/sprout/uuid/uuid.hpp
index 3ce6a8c6..8b7b145e 100644
--- a/sprout/uuid/uuid.hpp
+++ b/sprout/uuid/uuid.hpp
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 		//
 		class uuid {
 		public:
-		    typedef std::uint8_t value_type;
+			typedef std::uint8_t value_type;
 #if SPROUT_USE_INDEX_ITERATOR_IMPLEMENTATION
 			typedef sprout::index_iterator<uuid&> iterator;
 			typedef sprout::index_iterator<uuid const&> const_iterator;