diff --git a/sprout/container/container_traits.hpp b/sprout/container/container_traits.hpp
index f9721831..3236cb8a 100644
--- a/sprout/container/container_traits.hpp
+++ b/sprout/container/container_traits.hpp
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #define SPROUT_CONTAINER_CONTAINER_TRAITS_HPP
 
 #include <cstddef>
+#include <iterator>
 #include <array>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <sprout/config.hpp>
@@ -13,6 +14,29 @@ namespace sprout {
 	struct container_traits;
 
 	namespace detail {
+		//
+		// has_value_type
+		// has_iterator
+		// has_const_iterator
+		// has_reference
+		// has_const_reference
+		// has_size_type
+		// has_difference_type
+		// has_pointer
+		// has_const_pointer
+		// has_static_size
+		//
+		SPROUT_HAS_XXX_TYPE_DEF_LAZY(value_type);
+		SPROUT_HAS_XXX_TYPE_DEF_LAZY(iterator);
+		SPROUT_HAS_XXX_TYPE_DEF_LAZY(const_iterator);
+		SPROUT_HAS_XXX_TYPE_DEF_LAZY(reference);
+		SPROUT_HAS_XXX_TYPE_DEF_LAZY(const_reference);
+		SPROUT_HAS_XXX_TYPE_DEF_LAZY(size_type);
+		SPROUT_HAS_XXX_TYPE_DEF_LAZY(difference_type);
+		SPROUT_HAS_XXX_TYPE_DEF_LAZY(pointer);
+		SPROUT_HAS_XXX_TYPE_DEF_LAZY(const_pointer);
+		SPROUT_HAS_XXX_VALUE_DEF_LAZY(static_size);
+
 		//
 		// inherit_if_value_type
 		// inherit_if_iterator
@@ -36,52 +60,332 @@ namespace sprout {
 		SPROUT_INHERIT_IF_XXX_TYPE_DEF_LAZY(const_pointer);
 		SPROUT_INHERIT_IF_XXX_CONSTANT_DEF_LAZY(static_size);
 
-		//
-		// has_static_size
-		//
-		SPROUT_HAS_XXX_VALUE_DEF_LAZY(static_size);
-
 		//
 		// inherit_iterator_if_const_iterator
+		// inherit_const_iterator_if_iterator
 		// inherit_reference_if_const_reference
+		// inherit_const_reference_if_reference
 		// inherit_pointer_if_const_pointer
+		// inherit_const_pointer_if_pointer
 		//
 		SPROUT_INHERIT_ALIAS_IF_XXX_TYPE_DEF_LAZY(iterator, const_iterator);
+		SPROUT_INHERIT_ALIAS_IF_XXX_TYPE_DEF_LAZY(const_iterator, iterator);
 		SPROUT_INHERIT_ALIAS_IF_XXX_TYPE_DEF_LAZY(reference, const_reference);
+		SPROUT_INHERIT_ALIAS_IF_XXX_TYPE_DEF_LAZY(const_reference, reference);
 		SPROUT_INHERIT_ALIAS_IF_XXX_TYPE_DEF_LAZY(pointer, const_pointer);
+		SPROUT_INHERIT_ALIAS_IF_XXX_TYPE_DEF_LAZY(const_pointer, pointer);
 
 		//
-		// inherit_if_fixed_size
+		// has_container_nosy_iterator
 		//
-		template<typename Container, typename Enable = void>
-		struct inherit_if_fixed_size {};
 		template<typename Container>
-		struct inherit_if_fixed_size<
-			Container,
-			typename std::enable_if<sprout::detail::has_static_size<Container>::value>::type
-		> {
+		struct has_container_nosy_iterator
+			: public std::integral_constant<
+				bool,
+				sprout::detail::has_iterator<Container>::value
+					|| sprout::detail::has_const_iterator<Container>::value
+			>
+		{};
+		//
+		// has_container_nosy_value_type
+		//
+		template<typename Container>
+		struct has_container_nosy_value_type
+			: public std::integral_constant<
+				bool,
+				sprout::detail::has_value_type<Container>::value
+					|| sprout::detail::has_container_nosy_iterator<Container>::value
+			>
+		{};
+
+		//
+		// container_nosy_iterator
+		//
+		template<typename Container, bool HasIterator, bool HasConstIterator>
+		struct container_nosy_iterator_impl {};
+		template<typename Container, bool HasConstIterator>
+		struct container_nosy_iterator_impl<Container, true, HasConstIterator>
+			: public sprout::detail::inherit_if_iterator<Container>
+		{};
+		template<typename Container>
+		struct container_nosy_iterator_impl<Container, false, true>
+			: public sprout::detail::inherit_iterator_if_const_iterator<Container>
+		{};
+		template<typename Container>
+		struct container_nosy_iterator
+			: public sprout::detail::container_nosy_iterator_impl<
+				Container,
+				sprout::detail::has_iterator<Container>::value,
+				sprout::detail::has_const_iterator<Container>::value
+			>
+		{};
+		//
+		// container_nosy_const_iterator
+		//
+		template<typename Container, bool HasConstIterator, bool HasIterator>
+		struct container_nosy_const_iterator_impl {};
+		template<typename Container, bool HasIterator>
+		struct container_nosy_const_iterator_impl<Container, true, HasIterator>
+			: public sprout::detail::inherit_if_const_iterator<Container>
+		{};
+		template<typename Container>
+		struct container_nosy_const_iterator_impl<Container, false, true>
+			: public sprout::detail::inherit_const_iterator_if_iterator<Container>
+		{};
+		template<typename Container>
+		struct container_nosy_const_iterator
+			: public sprout::detail::container_nosy_const_iterator_impl<
+				Container,
+				sprout::detail::has_const_iterator<Container>::value,
+				sprout::detail::has_iterator<Container>::value
+			>
+		{};
+		//
+		// container_nosy_value_type
+		//
+		template<typename Container, bool HasValueType, bool HasNosyIterator>
+		struct container_nosy_value_type_impl {};
+		template<typename Container, bool HasNosyIterator>
+		struct container_nosy_value_type_impl<Container, true, HasNosyIterator> {
+		public:
+			typedef typename Container::value_type value_type;
+		};
+		template<typename Container>
+		struct container_nosy_value_type_impl<Container, false, true> {
+		public:
+			typedef typename std::iterator_traits<
+				typename sprout::detail::container_nosy_iterator<Container>::iterator
+			>::value_type value_type;
+		};
+		template<typename Container>
+		struct container_nosy_value_type
+			: public sprout::detail::container_nosy_value_type_impl<
+				Container,
+				sprout::detail::has_value_type<Container>::value,
+				sprout::detail::has_container_nosy_iterator<Container>::value
+			>
+		{};
+		//
+		// container_nosy_reference
+		//
+		template<typename Container, bool HasReference, bool HasConstReference, bool HasNosyIterator>
+		struct container_nosy_reference_impl {};
+		template<typename Container, bool HasConstReference, bool HasNosyIterator>
+		struct container_nosy_reference_impl<Container, true, HasConstReference, HasNosyIterator> {
+		public:
+			typedef typename Container::reference reference;
+		};
+		template<typename Container, bool HasNosyIterator>
+		struct container_nosy_reference_impl<Container, false, true, HasNosyIterator> {
+		public:
+			typedef typename Container::const_reference reference;
+		};
+		template<typename Container>
+		struct container_nosy_reference_impl<Container, false, false, true> {
+		public:
+			typedef typename std::iterator_traits<
+				typename sprout::detail::container_nosy_iterator<Container>::iterator
+			>::reference reference;
+		};
+		template<typename Container>
+		struct container_nosy_reference
+			: public sprout::detail::container_nosy_reference_impl<
+				Container,
+				sprout::detail::has_reference<Container>::value,
+				sprout::detail::has_const_reference<Container>::value,
+				sprout::detail::has_container_nosy_iterator<Container>::value
+			>
+		{};
+		//
+		// container_nosy_const_reference
+		//
+		template<typename Container, bool HasConstReference, bool HasReference, bool HasNosyIterator>
+		struct container_nosy_const_reference_impl {};
+		template<typename Container, bool HasReference, bool HasNosyIterator>
+		struct container_nosy_const_reference_impl<Container, true, HasReference, HasNosyIterator> {
+		public:
+			typedef typename Container::const_reference const_reference;
+		};
+		template<typename Container, bool HasNosyIterator>
+		struct container_nosy_const_reference_impl<Container, false, true, HasNosyIterator> {
+		public:
+			typedef typename Container::reference const_reference;
+		};
+		template<typename Container>
+		struct container_nosy_const_reference_impl<Container, false, false, true> {
+		public:
+			typedef typename std::iterator_traits<
+				typename sprout::detail::container_nosy_const_iterator<Container>::const_iterator
+			>::reference const_reference;
+		};
+		template<typename Container>
+		struct container_nosy_const_reference
+			: public sprout::detail::container_nosy_const_reference_impl<
+				Container,
+				sprout::detail::has_const_reference<Container>::value,
+				sprout::detail::has_reference<Container>::value,
+				sprout::detail::has_container_nosy_iterator<Container>::value
+			>
+		{};
+		//
+		// container_nosy_difference_type
+		//
+		template<typename Container, bool HasDifferenceType, bool HasNosyIterator>
+		struct container_nosy_difference_type_impl {
+		public:
+			typedef std::ptrdiff_t difference_type;
+		};
+		template<typename Container, bool HasNosyIterator>
+		struct container_nosy_difference_type_impl<Container, true, HasNosyIterator> {
+		public:
+			typedef typename Container::difference_type difference_type;
+		};
+		template<typename Container>
+		struct container_nosy_difference_type_impl<Container, false, true> {
+		public:
+			typedef typename std::iterator_traits<
+				typename sprout::detail::container_nosy_iterator<Container>::iterator
+			>::difference_type difference_type;
+		};
+		template<typename Container>
+		struct container_nosy_difference_type
+			: public sprout::detail::container_nosy_difference_type_impl<
+				Container,
+				sprout::detail::has_difference_type<Container>::value,
+				sprout::detail::has_container_nosy_iterator<Container>::value
+			>
+		{};
+		//
+		// container_nosy_size_type
+		//
+		template<typename Container, bool HasSizeType, bool HasNosyIterator>
+		struct container_nosy_size_type_impl {
+		public:
+			typedef std::size_t size_type;
+		};
+		template<typename Container, bool HasNosyIterator>
+		struct container_nosy_size_type_impl<Container, true, HasNosyIterator> {
+		public:
+			typedef typename Container::size_type size_type;
+		};
+		template<typename Container>
+		struct container_nosy_size_type_impl<Container, false, true> {
+		public:
+			typedef typename std::make_unsigned<
+				typename std::iterator_traits<
+					typename sprout::detail::container_nosy_iterator<Container>::iterator
+				>::difference_type
+			>::type size_type;
+		};
+		template<typename Container>
+		struct container_nosy_size_type
+			: public sprout::detail::container_nosy_size_type_impl<
+				Container,
+				sprout::detail::has_size_type<Container>::value,
+				sprout::detail::has_container_nosy_iterator<Container>::value
+			>
+		{};
+		//
+		// container_nosy_pointer
+		//
+		template<typename Container, bool HasPointer, bool HasConstPointer, bool HasNosyValueType>
+		struct container_nosy_pointer_impl {};
+		template<typename Container, bool HasConstPointer, bool HasNosyValueType>
+		struct container_nosy_pointer_impl<Container, true, HasConstPointer, HasNosyValueType> {
+		public:
+			typedef typename Container::pointer pointer;
+		};
+		template<typename Container, bool HasNosyValueType>
+		struct container_nosy_pointer_impl<Container, false, true, HasNosyValueType> {
+		public:
+			typedef typename Container::const_pointer pointer;
+		};
+		template<typename Container>
+		struct container_nosy_pointer_impl<Container, false, false, true> {
+		public:
+			typedef typename sprout::detail::container_nosy_value_type<Container>::value_type* pointer;
+		};
+		template<typename Container>
+		struct container_nosy_pointer
+			: public sprout::detail::container_nosy_pointer_impl<
+				Container,
+				sprout::detail::has_pointer<Container>::value,
+				sprout::detail::has_const_pointer<Container>::value,
+				sprout::detail::has_container_nosy_value_type<Container>::value
+			>
+		{};
+		//
+		// container_nosy_const_pointer
+		//
+		template<typename Container, bool HasConstPointer, bool HasPointer, bool HasNosyValueType>
+		struct container_nosy_const_pointer_impl {};
+		template<typename Container, bool HasPointer, bool HasNosyValueType>
+		struct container_nosy_const_pointer_impl<Container, true, HasPointer, HasNosyValueType> {
+		public:
+			typedef typename Container::const_pointer const_pointer;
+		};
+		template<typename Container, bool HasNosyValueType>
+		struct container_nosy_const_pointer_impl<Container, false, true, HasNosyValueType> {
+		public:
+			typedef typename Container::pointer const_pointer;
+		};
+		template<typename Container>
+		struct container_nosy_const_pointer_impl<Container, false, false, true> {
+		public:
+			typedef typename sprout::detail::container_nosy_value_type<Container>::value_type const* const_pointer;
+		};
+		template<typename Container>
+		struct container_nosy_const_pointer
+			: public sprout::detail::container_nosy_const_pointer_impl<
+				Container,
+				sprout::detail::has_const_pointer<Container>::value,
+				sprout::detail::has_pointer<Container>::value,
+				sprout::detail::has_container_nosy_value_type<Container>::value
+			>
+		{};
+		//
+		// container_nosy_static_size
+		//
+		template<typename Container>
+		struct container_nosy_static_size
+			: public sprout::detail::inherit_if_static_size<Container>
+		{};
+		//
+		// container_nosy_fixed_size
+		//
+		template<typename Container, bool HasStaticSize>
+		struct container_nosy_fixed_size_impl {};
+		template<typename Container>
+		struct container_nosy_fixed_size_impl<Container, true> {
 		public:
 			static SPROUT_CONSTEXPR decltype(Container::static_size) fixed_size() {
 				return Container::static_size;
 			}
 		};
+		template<typename Container>
+		struct container_nosy_fixed_size
+			: public sprout::detail::container_nosy_fixed_size_impl<
+				Container,
+				sprout::detail::has_static_size<Container>::value
+				>
+		{};
 
 		//
 		// container_traits_default
 		//
 		template<typename Container>
 		struct container_traits_default
-			: public sprout::detail::inherit_if_value_type<Container>
-			, public sprout::detail::inherit_if_iterator<Container>
-			, public sprout::detail::inherit_if_const_iterator<Container>
-			, public sprout::detail::inherit_if_reference<Container>
-			, public sprout::detail::inherit_if_const_reference<Container>
-			, public sprout::detail::inherit_if_size_type<Container>
-			, public sprout::detail::inherit_if_difference_type<Container>
-			, public sprout::detail::inherit_if_pointer<Container>
-			, public sprout::detail::inherit_if_const_pointer<Container>
-			, public sprout::detail::inherit_if_static_size<Container>
-			, public sprout::detail::inherit_if_fixed_size<Container>
+			: public sprout::detail::container_nosy_value_type<Container>
+			, public sprout::detail::container_nosy_iterator<Container>
+			, public sprout::detail::container_nosy_const_iterator<Container>
+			, public sprout::detail::container_nosy_reference<Container>
+			, public sprout::detail::container_nosy_const_reference<Container>
+			, public sprout::detail::container_nosy_size_type<Container>
+			, public sprout::detail::container_nosy_difference_type<Container>
+			, public sprout::detail::container_nosy_pointer<Container>
+			, public sprout::detail::container_nosy_const_pointer<Container>
+			, public sprout::detail::container_nosy_static_size<Container>
+			, public sprout::detail::container_nosy_fixed_size<Container>
 		{};
 		template<typename T, std::size_t N>
 		struct container_traits_default<T[N]> {
@@ -115,7 +419,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 			, public sprout::detail::inherit_if_difference_type<sprout::container_traits<Container> >
 			, public sprout::detail::inherit_if_const_pointer<sprout::container_traits<Container> >
 			, public sprout::detail::inherit_if_static_size<sprout::container_traits<Container> >
-			, public sprout::detail::inherit_if_fixed_size<sprout::container_traits<Container> >
+			, public sprout::detail::container_nosy_fixed_size<sprout::container_traits<Container> >
 			, public sprout::detail::inherit_iterator_if_const_iterator<sprout::container_traits<Container> >
 			, public sprout::detail::inherit_reference_if_const_reference<sprout::container_traits<Container> >
 			, public sprout::detail::inherit_pointer_if_const_pointer<sprout::container_traits<Container> >
@@ -142,6 +446,24 @@ namespace sprout {
 	struct container_traits<T const[N]>
 		: public sprout::detail::container_traits_const_default<T[N]>
 	{};
+
+	//
+	// container_traits_facade
+	//
+	template<typename Container>
+	struct container_traits_facade
+		: public sprout::detail::inherit_if_value_type<sprout::container_traits<Container> >
+		, public sprout::detail::inherit_if_iterator<sprout::container_traits<Container> >
+		, public sprout::detail::inherit_if_const_iterator<sprout::container_traits<Container> >
+		, public sprout::detail::inherit_if_reference<sprout::container_traits<Container> >
+		, public sprout::detail::inherit_if_const_reference<sprout::container_traits<Container> >
+		, public sprout::detail::inherit_if_size_type<sprout::container_traits<Container> >
+		, public sprout::detail::inherit_if_difference_type<sprout::container_traits<Container> >
+		, public sprout::detail::inherit_if_pointer<sprout::container_traits<Container> >
+		, public sprout::detail::inherit_if_const_pointer<sprout::container_traits<Container> >
+		, public sprout::detail::inherit_if_static_size<sprout::container_traits<Container> >
+		, public sprout::detail::container_nosy_fixed_size<sprout::container_traits<Container> >
+	{};
 }	// namespace sprout
 
 #endif	// #ifndef SPROUT_CONTAINER_CONTAINER_TRAITS_HPP
diff --git a/sprout/range/adaptor/copied.hpp b/sprout/range/adaptor/copied.hpp
index f79b96e6..c0a6cb2d 100644
--- a/sprout/range/adaptor/copied.hpp
+++ b/sprout/range/adaptor/copied.hpp
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 			: public sprout::range::range_container<
 				typename sprout::container_traits<Range>::iterator
 			>
-			, public sprout::detail::inherit_if_fixed_size<Range>
+			, public sprout::detail::container_nosy_fixed_size<Range>
 		{
 		public:
 			typedef Range range_type;
diff --git a/sprout/range/adaptor/sinusoidal.hpp b/sprout/range/adaptor/sinusoidal.hpp
index 14508ede..733d36cf 100644
--- a/sprout/range/adaptor/sinusoidal.hpp
+++ b/sprout/range/adaptor/sinusoidal.hpp
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 			: public sprout::range::range_container<
 				sprout::sinusoid_iterator<Value>
 			>
-			, public sprout::detail::inherit_if_fixed_size<Range>
+			, public sprout::detail::container_nosy_fixed_size<Range>
 		{
 		public:
 			typedef Range range_type;
diff --git a/sprout/range/adaptor/transformed.hpp b/sprout/range/adaptor/transformed.hpp
index bbafc7df..4645f0cb 100644
--- a/sprout/range/adaptor/transformed.hpp
+++ b/sprout/range/adaptor/transformed.hpp
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 					typename sprout::container_traits<RRange>::iterator
 				>
 			>
-			, public sprout::detail::inherit_if_fixed_size<LRange>
+			, public sprout::detail::container_nosy_fixed_size<LRange>
 		{
 		public:
 			typedef BinaryFunction functor_type;
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 					typename sprout::container_traits<Range>::iterator
 				>
 			>
-			, public sprout::detail::inherit_if_fixed_size<Range>
+			, public sprout::detail::container_nosy_fixed_size<Range>
 		{
 		public:
 			typedef UnaryFunction functor_type;
diff --git a/sprout/sub_array.hpp b/sprout/sub_array.hpp
index 0c44d2eb..78bd6b22 100644
--- a/sprout/sub_array.hpp
+++ b/sprout/sub_array.hpp
@@ -28,29 +28,8 @@ namespace sprout {
 			SPROUT_STATIC_CONSTEXPR bool is_reference = std::is_reference<container_type>::value;
 			SPROUT_STATIC_CONSTEXPR bool is_const = std::is_const<internal_type>::value;
 		protected:
-			typedef typename sprout::container_traits<internal_type>::value_type value_type;
-			typedef typename std::conditional<
-				is_const,
-				typename sprout::container_traits<internal_type>::const_iterator,
-				typename sprout::container_traits<internal_type>::iterator
-			>::type iterator;
-			typedef typename sprout::container_traits<internal_type>::const_iterator const_iterator;
-			typedef typename std::conditional<
-				is_const,
-				typename sprout::container_traits<internal_type>::const_reference,
-				typename sprout::container_traits<internal_type>::reference
-			>::type reference;
-			typedef typename sprout::container_traits<internal_type>::const_reference const_reference;
-			typedef typename sprout::container_traits<internal_type>::size_type size_type;
-			typedef typename sprout::container_traits<internal_type>::difference_type difference_type;
-			typedef typename std::conditional<
-				is_const,
-				typename sprout::container_traits<internal_type>::const_pointer,
-				typename sprout::container_traits<internal_type>::pointer
-			>::type pointer;
-			typedef typename sprout::container_traits<internal_type>::const_pointer const_pointer;
-		protected:
-			SPROUT_STATIC_CONSTEXPR size_type static_size = sprout::container_traits<internal_type>::static_size;
+			typedef typename sprout::container_traits<internal_type>::const_iterator impl_const_iterator;
+			typedef typename sprout::container_traits<internal_type>::difference_type impl_difference_type;
 		protected:
 			typedef typename std::conditional<
 				is_reference,
@@ -121,8 +100,8 @@ namespace sprout {
 			}
 		protected:
 			holder_type array_;
-			difference_type first_;
-			difference_type last_;
+			impl_difference_type first_;
+			impl_difference_type last_;
 		public:
 			sub_array_impl() = default;
 		protected:
@@ -131,8 +110,8 @@ namespace sprout {
 				ContainerTag,
 				param_type arr,
 				sprout::index_tuple<Indexes...>,
-				const_iterator first,
-				const_iterator last,
+				impl_const_iterator first,
+				impl_const_iterator last,
 				typename std::enable_if<std::is_same<ContainerTag, sprout::detail::is_non_reference_array_tag>::value>::type* = 0
 				)
 				: array_{to_holder<Container>(arr)[Indexes]...}
@@ -144,8 +123,8 @@ namespace sprout {
 				ContainerTag,
 				param_type arr,
 				sprout::index_tuple<Indexes...>,
-				const_iterator first,
-				const_iterator last,
+				impl_const_iterator first,
+				impl_const_iterator last,
 				typename std::enable_if<!std::is_same<ContainerTag, sprout::detail::is_non_reference_array_tag>::value>::type* = 0
 				)
 				: array_(to_holder<Container>(arr))
@@ -157,8 +136,8 @@ namespace sprout {
 				ContainerTag,
 				param_type arr,
 				sprout::index_tuple<Indexes...>,
-				difference_type first,
-				difference_type last,
+				impl_difference_type first,
+				impl_difference_type last,
 				typename std::enable_if<std::is_same<ContainerTag, sprout::detail::is_non_reference_array_tag>::value>::type* = 0
 				)
 				: array_{to_holder<Container>(arr)[Indexes]...}
@@ -170,8 +149,8 @@ namespace sprout {
 				ContainerTag,
 				param_type arr,
 				sprout::index_tuple<Indexes...>,
-				difference_type first,
-				difference_type last,
+				impl_difference_type first,
+				impl_difference_type last,
 				typename std::enable_if<!std::is_same<ContainerTag, sprout::detail::is_non_reference_array_tag>::value>::type* = 0
 				)
 				: array_(to_holder<Container>(arr))
@@ -187,9 +166,11 @@ namespace sprout {
 	template<typename Container>
 	class sub_array
 		: private sprout::detail::sub_array_impl<Container>
+		, public sprout::container_traits_facade<typename std::remove_reference<Container>::type>
 	{
 	private:
 		typedef sprout::detail::sub_array_impl<Container> impl_type;
+		typedef sprout::container_traits_facade<typename std::remove_reference<Container>::type> facade_type;
 	public:
 		typedef typename impl_type::container_type container_type;
 		typedef typename impl_type::internal_type internal_type;
@@ -197,17 +178,16 @@ namespace sprout {
 		SPROUT_STATIC_CONSTEXPR bool is_reference = impl_type::is_reference;
 		SPROUT_STATIC_CONSTEXPR bool is_const = impl_type::is_const;
 	public:
-		typedef typename impl_type::value_type value_type;
-		typedef typename impl_type::iterator iterator;
-		typedef typename impl_type::const_iterator const_iterator;
-		typedef typename impl_type::reference reference;
-		typedef typename impl_type::const_reference const_reference;
-		typedef typename impl_type::size_type size_type;
-		typedef typename impl_type::difference_type difference_type;
-		typedef typename impl_type::pointer pointer;
-		typedef typename impl_type::const_pointer const_pointer;
+		typedef typename facade_type::iterator iterator;
+		typedef typename facade_type::const_iterator const_iterator;
+		typedef typename facade_type::reference reference;
+		typedef typename facade_type::const_reference const_reference;
+		typedef typename facade_type::size_type size_type;
+		typedef typename facade_type::difference_type difference_type;
+		typedef typename facade_type::pointer pointer;
+		typedef typename facade_type::const_pointer const_pointer;
 	public:
-		SPROUT_STATIC_CONSTEXPR size_type static_size = impl_type::static_size;
+		SPROUT_STATIC_CONSTEXPR size_type static_size = facade_type::static_size;
 	public:
 		typedef typename impl_type::holder_type holder_type;
 		typedef typename impl_type::param_type param_type;
@@ -378,6 +358,14 @@ namespace sprout {
 	template<typename Container>
 	SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename sprout::sub_array<Container>::size_type sprout::sub_array<Container>::static_size;
 
+	//
+	// swap
+	//
+	template<typename Container>
+	inline void swap(sprout::sub_array<Container>& lhs, sprout::sub_array<Container>& rhs) {
+		lhs.swap(rhs);
+	}
+
 	//
 	// operator==
 	// operator!=
@@ -387,38 +375,39 @@ namespace sprout {
 	// operator>=
 	//
 	template<typename Container>
-	inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR bool operator==(sprout::sub_array<Container> const& lhs, sprout::sub_array<Container> const& rhs) {
+	inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR bool
+	operator==(sprout::sub_array<Container> const& lhs, sprout::sub_array<Container> const& rhs) {
 		return NS_SSCRISK_CEL_OR_SPROUT::equal(sprout::begin(lhs), sprout::end(lhs), sprout::begin(rhs));
 	}
 	template<typename Container>
-	inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR bool operator!=(sprout::sub_array<Container> const& lhs, sprout::sub_array<Container> const& rhs) {
+	inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR bool
+	operator!=(sprout::sub_array<Container> const& lhs, sprout::sub_array<Container> const& rhs) {
 		return !(lhs == rhs);
 	}
 	template<typename Container>
-	inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR bool operator<(sprout::sub_array<Container> const& lhs, sprout::sub_array<Container> const& rhs) {
-		return NS_SSCRISK_CEL_OR_SPROUT::lexicographical_compare(sprout::begin(lhs), sprout::end(lhs), sprout::begin(rhs), sprout::end(rhs));
+	inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR bool
+	operator<(sprout::sub_array<Container> const& lhs, sprout::sub_array<Container> const& rhs) {
+		return NS_SSCRISK_CEL_OR_SPROUT::lexicographical_compare(
+			sprout::begin(lhs), sprout::end(lhs),
+			sprout::begin(rhs), sprout::end(rhs)
+			);
 	}
 	template<typename Container>
-	inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR bool operator>(sprout::sub_array<Container> const& lhs, sprout::sub_array<Container> const& rhs) {
+	inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR bool
+	operator>(sprout::sub_array<Container> const& lhs, sprout::sub_array<Container> const& rhs) {
 		return rhs < lhs;
 	}
 	template<typename Container>
-	inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR bool operator<=(sprout::sub_array<Container> const& lhs, sprout::sub_array<Container> const& rhs) {
+	inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR bool
+	operator<=(sprout::sub_array<Container> const& lhs, sprout::sub_array<Container> const& rhs) {
 		return !(rhs < lhs);
 	}
 	template<typename Container>
-	inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR bool operator>=(sprout::sub_array<Container> const& lhs, sprout::sub_array<Container> const& rhs) {
+	inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR bool
+	operator>=(sprout::sub_array<Container> const& lhs, sprout::sub_array<Container> const& rhs) {
 		return !(lhs < rhs);
 	}
 
-	//
-	// swap
-	//
-	template<typename Container>
-	inline void swap(sprout::sub_array<Container>& lhs, sprout::sub_array<Container>& rhs) {
-		lhs.swap(rhs);
-	}
-
 	//
 	// container_construct_traits
 	//
diff --git a/sprout/type_traits/has_xxx.hpp b/sprout/type_traits/has_xxx.hpp
index a944d18e..b083b116 100644
--- a/sprout/type_traits/has_xxx.hpp
+++ b/sprout/type_traits/has_xxx.hpp
@@ -41,6 +41,6 @@
 // SPROUT_HAS_XXX_VALUE_DEF_LAZY
 //
 #define SPROUT_HAS_XXX_VALUE_DEF_LAZY(VALUE) \
-	SPROUT_HAS_XXX_TYPE_DEF(SPROUT_PP_CAT(has_, VALUE), VALUE)
+	SPROUT_HAS_XXX_VALUE_DEF(SPROUT_PP_CAT(has_, VALUE), VALUE)
 
 #endif	// #ifndef SPROUT_TYPE_TRAITS_HAS_XXX_HPP
diff --git a/sprout/type_traits/inherit_if_xxx.hpp b/sprout/type_traits/inherit_if_xxx.hpp
index f5eabcb6..d67078fb 100644
--- a/sprout/type_traits/inherit_if_xxx.hpp
+++ b/sprout/type_traits/inherit_if_xxx.hpp
@@ -49,7 +49,12 @@
 	> { \
 	public: \
 		SPROUT_STATIC_CONSTEXPR decltype(T::CONSTANT) ALIAS = T::CONSTANT; \
-	}
+	}; \
+	template<typename T> \
+	SPROUT_CONSTEXPR decltype(T::CONSTANT) NAME< \
+		T, \
+		typename std::enable_if<SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(sprout_inherit_if_xxx_constant_def_impl_has_, CONSTANT), __LINE__)<T>::value>::type \
+	>::ALIAS
 #define SPROUT_INHERIT_ALIAS_IF_XXX_CONSTANT_DEF_LAZY(ALIAS, CONSTANT) \
 	SPROUT_INHERIT_ALIAS_IF_XXX_CONSTANT_DEF(SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(inherit_, ALIAS), _if_), CONSTANT), ALIAS, CONSTANT)