From 212e9ea65226fe92a4f3456a9edc9f8e6a270096 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: bolero-MURAKAMI <bolero.murakami@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 26 Nov 2011 15:20:35 +0900
Subject: [PATCH] =?UTF-8?q?sprout/darkroom/*=20=E8=BF=BD=E5=8A=A0?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 sprout/darkroom.hpp                         |  18 ++
 sprout/darkroom/access.hpp                  |   7 +
 sprout/darkroom/access/access.hpp           |  48 ++++
 sprout/darkroom/cameras.hpp                 |   7 +
 sprout/darkroom/cameras/simple_camera.hpp   |  44 ++++
 sprout/darkroom/colors.hpp                  |   7 +
 sprout/darkroom/colors/rgb.hpp              | 122 ++++++++++
 sprout/darkroom/coords.hpp                  |   7 +
 sprout/darkroom/coords/vector.hpp           | 167 ++++++++++++++
 sprout/darkroom/intersects.hpp              |   7 +
 sprout/darkroom/intersects/intersection.hpp |  85 +++++++
 sprout/darkroom/lights.hpp                  |   7 +
 sprout/darkroom/lights/point_light.hpp      | 169 ++++++++++++++
 sprout/darkroom/materials.hpp               |   7 +
 sprout/darkroom/materials/material.hpp      |  84 +++++++
 sprout/darkroom/objects.hpp                 |   8 +
 sprout/darkroom/objects/intersect.hpp       |  76 ++++++
 sprout/darkroom/objects/sphere.hpp          | 244 ++++++++++++++++++++
 sprout/darkroom/pixels.hpp                  |   7 +
 sprout/darkroom/pixels/generate.hpp         | 187 +++++++++++++++
 sprout/darkroom/rays.hpp                    |   7 +
 sprout/darkroom/rays/ray.hpp                |  63 +++++
 sprout/darkroom/renderers.hpp               |   7 +
 sprout/darkroom/renderers/whitted_style.hpp | 237 +++++++++++++++++++
 sprout/darkroom/tracers.hpp                 |   7 +
 sprout/darkroom/tracers/raytracer.hpp       |  54 +++++
 sprout/tuple/tuple.hpp                      |  13 +-
 27 files changed, 1692 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 sprout/darkroom.hpp
 create mode 100644 sprout/darkroom/access.hpp
 create mode 100644 sprout/darkroom/access/access.hpp
 create mode 100644 sprout/darkroom/cameras.hpp
 create mode 100644 sprout/darkroom/cameras/simple_camera.hpp
 create mode 100644 sprout/darkroom/colors.hpp
 create mode 100644 sprout/darkroom/colors/rgb.hpp
 create mode 100644 sprout/darkroom/coords.hpp
 create mode 100644 sprout/darkroom/coords/vector.hpp
 create mode 100644 sprout/darkroom/intersects.hpp
 create mode 100644 sprout/darkroom/intersects/intersection.hpp
 create mode 100644 sprout/darkroom/lights.hpp
 create mode 100644 sprout/darkroom/lights/point_light.hpp
 create mode 100644 sprout/darkroom/materials.hpp
 create mode 100644 sprout/darkroom/materials/material.hpp
 create mode 100644 sprout/darkroom/objects.hpp
 create mode 100644 sprout/darkroom/objects/intersect.hpp
 create mode 100644 sprout/darkroom/objects/sphere.hpp
 create mode 100644 sprout/darkroom/pixels.hpp
 create mode 100644 sprout/darkroom/pixels/generate.hpp
 create mode 100644 sprout/darkroom/rays.hpp
 create mode 100644 sprout/darkroom/rays/ray.hpp
 create mode 100644 sprout/darkroom/renderers.hpp
 create mode 100644 sprout/darkroom/renderers/whitted_style.hpp
 create mode 100644 sprout/darkroom/tracers.hpp
 create mode 100644 sprout/darkroom/tracers/raytracer.hpp

diff --git a/sprout/darkroom.hpp b/sprout/darkroom.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f18cdae5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sprout/darkroom.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+#ifndef SPROUT_DARKROOM_HPP
+#define SPROUT_DARKROOM_HPP
+
+#include <sprout/config.hpp>
+#include <sprout/darkroom/access.hpp>
+#include <sprout/darkroom/colors.hpp>
+#include <sprout/darkroom/coords.hpp>
+#include <sprout/darkroom/rays.hpp>
+#include <sprout/darkroom/materials.hpp>
+#include <sprout/darkroom/intersects.hpp>
+#include <sprout/darkroom/objects.hpp>
+#include <sprout/darkroom/lights.hpp>
+#include <sprout/darkroom/cameras.hpp>
+#include <sprout/darkroom/renderers.hpp>
+#include <sprout/darkroom/tracers.hpp>
+#include <sprout/darkroom/pixels.hpp>
+
+#endif	// #ifndef SPROUT_DARKROOM_HPP
diff --git a/sprout/darkroom/access.hpp b/sprout/darkroom/access.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8e61af8c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sprout/darkroom/access.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#ifndef SPROUT_DARKROOM_ACCESS_HPP
+#define SPROUT_DARKROOM_ACCESS_HPP
+
+#include <sprout/config.hpp>
+#include <sprout/darkroom/access/access.hpp>
+
+#endif	// #ifndef SPROUT_DARKROOM_ACCESS_HPP
diff --git a/sprout/darkroom/access/access.hpp b/sprout/darkroom/access/access.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d0afab39
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sprout/darkroom/access/access.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+#ifndef SPROUT_DARKROOM_ACCESS_ACCESS_HPP
+#define SPROUT_DARKROOM_ACCESS_ACCESS_HPP
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <sprout/config.hpp>
+#include <sprout/tuple/tuple.hpp>
+#include <sprout/utility/forward.hpp>
+
+namespace sprout {
+	namespace darkroom {
+		namespace access {
+			//
+			// element
+			//
+			template<std::size_t I, typename T>
+			struct element
+				: public sprout::tuples::tuple_element<I, T>
+			{};
+			//
+			// size
+			//
+			template<typename T>
+			struct size
+				: public sprout::tuples::tuple_size<T>
+			{};
+			//
+			// unit
+			//
+			template<typename T>
+			struct unit
+				: public sprout::darkroom::access::element<0, T>
+			{};
+			//
+			// get
+			//
+			template<std::size_t I, typename T>
+			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR auto get(
+				T&& t
+				) SPROUT_NOEXCEPT_EXPR(SPROUT_NOEXCEPT_EXPR(sprout::tuples::get<I>(sprout::forward<T>(t))))
+				-> decltype(sprout::tuples::get<I>(sprout::forward<T>(t)))
+			{
+				return sprout::tuples::get<I>(sprout::forward<T>(t));
+			}
+		}	// namespace access
+	}	// namespace darkroom
+}	// namespace sprout
+
+#endif	// #ifndef SPROUT_DARKROOM_ACCESS_ACCESS_HPP
diff --git a/sprout/darkroom/cameras.hpp b/sprout/darkroom/cameras.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..21a49a25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sprout/darkroom/cameras.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#ifndef SPROUT_DARKROOM_CAMERAS_HPP
+#define SPROUT_DARKROOM_CAMERAS_HPP
+
+#include <sprout/config.hpp>
+#include <sprout/darkroom/cameras/simple_camera.hpp>
+
+#endif	// #ifndef SPROUT_DARKROOM_CAMERAS_HPP
diff --git a/sprout/darkroom/cameras/simple_camera.hpp b/sprout/darkroom/cameras/simple_camera.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..afbed2ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sprout/darkroom/cameras/simple_camera.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+#ifndef SPROUT_DARKROOM_CAMERAS_SIMPLE_CAMERA_HPP
+#define SPROUT_DARKROOM_CAMERAS_SIMPLE_CAMERA_HPP
+
+#include <sprout/config.hpp>
+#include <sprout/tuple/tuple.hpp>
+#include <sprout/darkroom/coords/vector.hpp>
+
+namespace sprout {
+	namespace darkroom {
+		namespace cameras {
+			template<typename Unit = double>
+			class basic_simple_camera {
+			public:
+				typedef Unit unit_type;
+				typedef sprout::tuples::tuple<unit_type, unit_type, unit_type> position_type;
+				typedef sprout::tuples::tuple<position_type, position_type> ray_type;
+			private:
+				unit_type far_plane_;
+			public:
+				SPROUT_CONSTEXPR explicit basic_simple_camera(
+					unit_type const& far_plane
+					)
+					: far_plane_(far_plane)
+				{}
+				SPROUT_CONSTEXPR ray_type operator()(unit_type const& u, unit_type const& v) const {
+					return ray_type(
+						position_type(0, 0, 0),
+						sprout::darkroom::coords::normalize(position_type(u, v, far_plane_))
+						);
+				}
+			};
+			//
+			// make_simple_camera
+			//
+			template<typename Unit>
+			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline sprout::darkroom::cameras::basic_simple_camera<Unit>
+			make_simple_camera(Unit const& far_plane) {
+				return sprout::darkroom::cameras::basic_simple_camera<Unit>(far_plane);
+			}
+		}	// namespace cameras
+	}	// namespace darkroom
+}	// namespace sprout
+
+#endif	// #ifndef SPROUT_DARKROOM_CAMERAS_SIMPLE_CAMERA_HPP
diff --git a/sprout/darkroom/colors.hpp b/sprout/darkroom/colors.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6e27b8c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sprout/darkroom/colors.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#ifndef SPROUT_DARKROOM_COLORS_HPP
+#define SPROUT_DARKROOM_COLORS_HPP
+
+#include <sprout/config.hpp>
+#include <sprout/darkroom/colors/rgb.hpp>
+
+#endif	// #ifndef SPROUT_DARKROOM_COLORS_HPP
diff --git a/sprout/darkroom/colors/rgb.hpp b/sprout/darkroom/colors/rgb.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..26968981
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sprout/darkroom/colors/rgb.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+#ifndef SPROUT_DARKROOM_COLORS_RGB_HPP
+#define SPROUT_DARKROOM_COLORS_RGB_HPP
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <limits>
+#include <sprout/config.hpp>
+#include <sprout/tuple/tuple.hpp>
+#include <sprout/tuple/functions.hpp>
+#include <sprout/utility/forward.hpp>
+#include <sprout/darkroom/access/access.hpp>
+
+namespace sprout {
+	namespace darkroom {
+		namespace colors {
+			//
+			// r
+			// g
+			// b
+			// a
+			//
+			template<typename T>
+			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR auto r(
+				T&& t
+				) SPROUT_NOEXCEPT_EXPR(SPROUT_NOEXCEPT_EXPR(sprout::darkroom::access::get<0>(sprout::forward<T>(t))))
+				-> decltype(sprout::darkroom::access::get<0>(sprout::forward<T>(t)))
+			{
+				return sprout::darkroom::access::get<0>(sprout::forward<T>(t));
+			}
+			template<typename T>
+			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR auto g(
+				T&& t
+				) SPROUT_NOEXCEPT_EXPR(SPROUT_NOEXCEPT_EXPR(sprout::darkroom::access::get<1>(sprout::forward<T>(t))))
+				-> decltype(sprout::darkroom::access::get<1>(sprout::forward<T>(t)))
+			{
+				return sprout::darkroom::access::get<1>(sprout::forward<T>(t));
+			}
+			template<typename T>
+			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR auto b(
+				T&& t
+				) SPROUT_NOEXCEPT_EXPR(SPROUT_NOEXCEPT_EXPR(sprout::darkroom::access::get<2>(sprout::forward<T>(t))))
+				-> decltype(sprout::darkroom::access::get<2>(sprout::forward<T>(t)))
+			{
+				return sprout::darkroom::access::get<2>(sprout::forward<T>(t));
+			}
+			template<typename T>
+			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR auto a(
+				T&& t
+				) SPROUT_NOEXCEPT_EXPR(SPROUT_NOEXCEPT_EXPR(sprout::darkroom::access::get<3>(sprout::forward<T>(t))))
+				-> decltype(sprout::darkroom::access::get<3>(sprout::forward<T>(t)))
+			{
+				return sprout::darkroom::access::get<3>(sprout::forward<T>(t));
+			}
+
+			//
+			// rgb
+			// rgb_f
+			//
+			typedef sprout::tuples::tuple<std::uint8_t, std::uint8_t, std::uint8_t> rgb;
+			typedef sprout::tuples::tuple<double, double, double> rgb_f;
+
+			//
+			// mul
+			//
+			template<typename Color, typename Fac>
+			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline Color mul(Color const& lhs, Fac const& rhs) {
+				return sprout::tuples::remake_clone<Color>(
+					lhs,
+					sprout::darkroom::colors::r(lhs) * rhs,
+					sprout::darkroom::colors::g(lhs) * rhs,
+					sprout::darkroom::colors::b(lhs) * rhs
+					);
+			}
+			//
+			// add
+			//
+			template<typename Color1, typename Color2>
+			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline Color1 add(Color1 const& lhs, Color2 const& rhs) {
+				return sprout::tuples::remake_clone<Color1>(
+					lhs,
+					sprout::darkroom::colors::r(lhs) + sprout::darkroom::colors::r(rhs),
+					sprout::darkroom::colors::g(lhs) + sprout::darkroom::colors::g(rhs),
+					sprout::darkroom::colors::b(lhs) + sprout::darkroom::colors::b(rhs)
+					);
+			}
+			//
+			// filter
+			//
+			template<typename Color1, typename Color2>
+			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline Color1 filter(Color1 const& lhs, Color2 const& rhs) {
+				return sprout::tuples::remake_clone<Color1>(
+					lhs,
+					sprout::darkroom::colors::r(lhs) * sprout::darkroom::colors::r(rhs),
+					sprout::darkroom::colors::g(lhs) * sprout::darkroom::colors::g(rhs),
+					sprout::darkroom::colors::b(lhs) * sprout::darkroom::colors::b(rhs)
+					);
+			}
+
+			//
+			// rgb_f_to_rgb
+			//
+			template<typename RGB, typename RGB_F>
+			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline RGB rgb_f_to_rgb(RGB_F const& col) {
+				typedef typename sprout::darkroom::access::unit<RGB>::type unit_type;
+				return sprout::tuples::make_clone<RGB>(
+					sprout::darkroom::colors::r(col) < 0 ? std::numeric_limits<unit_type>::min()
+						: sprout::darkroom::colors::r(col) > 1 ? std::numeric_limits<unit_type>::max()
+						: sprout::darkroom::colors::r(col) * std::numeric_limits<unit_type>::max()
+						,
+					sprout::darkroom::colors::g(col) < 0 ? std::numeric_limits<unit_type>::min()
+						: sprout::darkroom::colors::g(col) > 1 ? std::numeric_limits<unit_type>::max()
+						: sprout::darkroom::colors::g(col) * std::numeric_limits<unit_type>::max()
+						,
+					sprout::darkroom::colors::b(col) < 0 ? std::numeric_limits<unit_type>::min()
+						: sprout::darkroom::colors::b(col) > 1 ? std::numeric_limits<unit_type>::max()
+						: sprout::darkroom::colors::b(col) * std::numeric_limits<unit_type>::max()
+					);
+			}
+		}	// namespace colors
+	}	// namespace darkroom
+}	// namespace sprout
+
+#endif	// #ifndef SPROUT_DARKROOM_COLORS_RGB_HPP
diff --git a/sprout/darkroom/coords.hpp b/sprout/darkroom/coords.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..234a2ee1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sprout/darkroom/coords.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#ifndef SPROUT_DARKROOM_COORDS_HPP
+#define SPROUT_DARKROOM_COORDS_HPP
+
+#include <sprout/config.hpp>
+#include <sprout/darkroom/coords/vector.hpp>
+
+#endif	// #ifndef SPROUT_DARKROOM_COORDS_HPP
diff --git a/sprout/darkroom/coords/vector.hpp b/sprout/darkroom/coords/vector.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c01b2484
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sprout/darkroom/coords/vector.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+#ifndef SPROUT_DARKROOM_COORDS_VECTOR_HPP
+#define SPROUT_DARKROOM_COORDS_VECTOR_HPP
+
+#include <cmath>
+#include <sprout/config.hpp>
+#include <sprout/tuple/tuple.hpp>
+#include <sprout/tuple/functions.hpp>
+#include <sprout/utility/forward.hpp>
+#include <sprout/darkroom/access/access.hpp>
+
+namespace sprout {
+	namespace darkroom {
+		namespace coords {
+			//
+			// x
+			// y
+			// z
+			//
+			template<typename T>
+			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR auto x(
+				T&& t
+				) SPROUT_NOEXCEPT_EXPR(SPROUT_NOEXCEPT_EXPR(sprout::darkroom::access::get<0>(sprout::forward<T>(t))))
+				-> decltype(sprout::darkroom::access::get<0>(sprout::forward<T>(t)))
+			{
+				return sprout::darkroom::access::get<0>(sprout::forward<T>(t));
+			}
+			template<typename T>
+			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR auto y(
+				T&& t
+				) SPROUT_NOEXCEPT_EXPR(SPROUT_NOEXCEPT_EXPR(sprout::darkroom::access::get<1>(sprout::forward<T>(t))))
+				-> decltype(sprout::darkroom::access::get<1>(sprout::forward<T>(t)))
+			{
+				return sprout::darkroom::access::get<1>(sprout::forward<T>(t));
+			}
+			template<typename T>
+			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR auto z(
+				T&& t
+				) SPROUT_NOEXCEPT_EXPR(SPROUT_NOEXCEPT_EXPR(sprout::darkroom::access::get<2>(sprout::forward<T>(t))))
+				-> decltype(sprout::darkroom::access::get<2>(sprout::forward<T>(t)))
+			{
+				return sprout::darkroom::access::get<2>(sprout::forward<T>(t));
+			}
+
+			//
+			// vector3d
+			//
+			typedef sprout::tuples::tuple<double, double, double> vector3d;
+
+			//
+			// length_sq
+			//
+			template<typename Vector>
+			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename sprout::darkroom::access::unit<Vector>::type
+			length_sq(Vector const& vec) {
+				return sprout::darkroom::coords::x(vec) * sprout::darkroom::coords::x(vec)
+					+ sprout::darkroom::coords::y(vec) * sprout::darkroom::coords::y(vec)
+					+ sprout::darkroom::coords::z(vec) * sprout::darkroom::coords::z(vec)
+					;
+			}
+			//
+			// length
+			//
+			template<typename Vector>
+			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename sprout::darkroom::access::unit<Vector>::type
+			length(Vector const& vec) {
+				using std::sqrt;
+				return sqrt(sprout::darkroom::coords::length_sq(vec));
+			}
+			//
+			// add
+			//
+			template<typename Vector1, typename Vector2>
+			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline Vector1 add(Vector1 const& lhs, Vector2 const& rhs) {
+				return sprout::tuples::remake_clone<Vector1>(
+					lhs,
+					sprout::darkroom::coords::x(lhs) + sprout::darkroom::coords::x(rhs),
+					sprout::darkroom::coords::y(lhs) + sprout::darkroom::coords::y(rhs),
+					sprout::darkroom::coords::z(lhs) + sprout::darkroom::coords::z(rhs)
+					);
+			}
+			//
+			// sub
+			//
+			template<typename Vector1, typename Vector2>
+			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline Vector1 sub(Vector1 const& lhs, Vector2 const& rhs) {
+				return sprout::tuples::remake_clone<Vector1>(
+					lhs,
+					sprout::darkroom::coords::x(lhs) - sprout::darkroom::coords::x(rhs),
+					sprout::darkroom::coords::y(lhs) - sprout::darkroom::coords::y(rhs),
+					sprout::darkroom::coords::z(lhs) - sprout::darkroom::coords::z(rhs)
+					);
+			}
+			//
+			// scale
+			//
+			template<typename Vector, typename Fac>
+			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline Vector scale(Vector const& lhs, Fac const& rhs) {
+				return sprout::tuples::remake_clone<Vector>(
+					lhs,
+					sprout::darkroom::coords::x(lhs) * rhs,
+					sprout::darkroom::coords::y(lhs) * rhs,
+					sprout::darkroom::coords::z(lhs) * rhs
+					);
+			}
+			//
+			// dot
+			//
+			template<typename Vector>
+			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename sprout::darkroom::access::unit<Vector>::type
+			dot(Vector const& lhs, Vector const& rhs) {
+				return sprout::darkroom::coords::x(lhs) * sprout::darkroom::coords::x(rhs)
+					+ sprout::darkroom::coords::y(lhs) * sprout::darkroom::coords::y(rhs)
+					+ sprout::darkroom::coords::z(lhs) * sprout::darkroom::coords::z(rhs)
+					;
+			}
+			//
+			// normalize
+			//
+			namespace detail {
+				template<typename Vector>
+				SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline Vector normalize_impl(
+					Vector const& vec,
+					typename sprout::darkroom::access::unit<Vector>::type const& len
+					)
+				{
+					return sprout::tuples::remake_clone<Vector>(
+						vec,
+						sprout::darkroom::coords::x(vec) / len,
+						sprout::darkroom::coords::y(vec) / len,
+						sprout::darkroom::coords::z(vec) / len
+						);
+				}
+			}	// namespace detail
+			template<typename Vector>
+			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline Vector normalize(Vector const& vec) {
+				return sprout::darkroom::coords::detail::normalize_impl(
+					vec,
+					sprout::darkroom::coords::length(vec)
+					);
+			}
+			//
+			// reflect
+			//
+			template<typename Incident, typename Normal>
+			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline Incident reflect(Incident const& incid, Normal const& nor) {
+				return sprout::darkroom::coords::sub(
+					incid,
+					sprout::darkroom::coords::scale(nor, sprout::darkroom::coords::dot(incid, nor) * 2)
+					);
+			}
+
+			//
+			// normal_to_color
+			//
+			template<typename Color, typename Normal>
+			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR Color normal_to_color(Normal const& nor) {
+				return sprout::tuples::make_clone<Color>(
+					0.5 + sprout::darkroom::coords::x(nor) * 0.5,
+					0.5 + sprout::darkroom::coords::y(nor) * 0.5,
+					0.5 + sprout::darkroom::coords::z(nor) * 0.5
+					);
+			}
+		}	// namespace coords
+	}	// namespace darkroom
+}	// namespace sprout
+
+#endif	// #ifndef SPROUT_DARKROOM_COORDS_VECTOR_HPP
diff --git a/sprout/darkroom/intersects.hpp b/sprout/darkroom/intersects.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5314fbd5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sprout/darkroom/intersects.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#ifndef SPROUT_DARKROOM_INTERSECTS_HPP
+#define SPROUT_DARKROOM_INTERSECTS_HPP
+
+#include <sprout/config.hpp>
+#include <sprout/darkroom/intersects/intersection.hpp>
+
+#endif	// #ifndef SPROUT_DARKROOM_INTERSECTS_HPP
diff --git a/sprout/darkroom/intersects/intersection.hpp b/sprout/darkroom/intersects/intersection.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5942f138
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sprout/darkroom/intersects/intersection.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+#ifndef SPROUT_DARKROOM_INTERSECTS_INTERSECTION_HPP
+#define SPROUT_DARKROOM_INTERSECTS_INTERSECTION_HPP
+
+#include <sprout/config.hpp>
+#include <sprout/tuple/tuple.hpp>
+#include <sprout/utility/forward.hpp>
+#include <sprout/darkroom/access/access.hpp>
+#include <sprout/darkroom/coords/vector.hpp>
+#include <sprout/darkroom/materials/material.hpp>
+
+namespace sprout {
+	namespace darkroom {
+		namespace intersects {
+			//
+			// does_intersect
+			// distance
+			// point_of_intersection
+			// normal
+			// material
+			//
+			template<typename T>
+			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR auto does_intersect(
+				T&& t
+				) SPROUT_NOEXCEPT_EXPR(SPROUT_NOEXCEPT_EXPR(sprout::darkroom::access::get<0>(sprout::forward<T>(t))))
+				-> decltype(sprout::darkroom::access::get<0>(sprout::forward<T>(t)))
+			{
+				return sprout::darkroom::access::get<0>(sprout::forward<T>(t));
+			}
+			template<typename T>
+			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR auto distance(
+				T&& t
+				) SPROUT_NOEXCEPT_EXPR(SPROUT_NOEXCEPT_EXPR(sprout::darkroom::access::get<1>(sprout::forward<T>(t))))
+				-> decltype(sprout::darkroom::access::get<1>(sprout::forward<T>(t)))
+			{
+				return sprout::darkroom::access::get<1>(sprout::forward<T>(t));
+			}
+			template<typename T>
+			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR auto point_of_intersection(
+				T&& t
+				) SPROUT_NOEXCEPT_EXPR(SPROUT_NOEXCEPT_EXPR(sprout::darkroom::access::get<2>(sprout::forward<T>(t))))
+				-> decltype(sprout::darkroom::access::get<2>(sprout::forward<T>(t)))
+			{
+				return sprout::darkroom::access::get<2>(sprout::forward<T>(t));
+			}
+			template<typename T>
+			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR auto normal(
+				T&& t
+				) SPROUT_NOEXCEPT_EXPR(SPROUT_NOEXCEPT_EXPR(sprout::darkroom::access::get<3>(sprout::forward<T>(t))))
+				-> decltype(sprout::darkroom::access::get<3>(sprout::forward<T>(t)))
+			{
+				return sprout::darkroom::access::get<3>(sprout::forward<T>(t));
+			}
+			template<typename T>
+			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR auto material(
+				T&& t
+				) SPROUT_NOEXCEPT_EXPR(SPROUT_NOEXCEPT_EXPR(sprout::darkroom::access::get<4>(sprout::forward<T>(t))))
+				-> decltype(sprout::darkroom::access::get<4>(sprout::forward<T>(t)))
+			{
+				return sprout::darkroom::access::get<4>(sprout::forward<T>(t));
+			}
+
+			//
+			// make_intersection
+			//
+			template<typename Distance, typename Point, typename Normal, typename Material>
+			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR sprout::tuples::tuple<bool, Distance, Point, Normal, Material>
+			make_intersection(bool b, Distance const& dist, Point const& p, Normal const& nor, Material const& mat) {
+				return sprout::tuples::make_tuple(b, dist, p, nor, mat);
+			}
+
+			//
+			// intersection
+			//
+			typedef sprout::tuples::tuple<
+				bool,
+				double,
+				sprout::darkroom::coords::vector3d,
+				sprout::darkroom::coords::vector3d,
+				sprout::darkroom::materials::material
+			> intersection;
+		}	// namespace intersects
+	}	// namespace darkroom
+}	// namespace sprout
+
+#endif	// #ifndef SPROUT_DARKROOM_INTERSECTS_INTERSECTION_HPP
diff --git a/sprout/darkroom/lights.hpp b/sprout/darkroom/lights.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..aee6dc02
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sprout/darkroom/lights.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#ifndef SPROUT_DARKROOM_LIGHTS_HPP
+#define SPROUT_DARKROOM_LIGHTS_HPP
+
+#include <sprout/config.hpp>
+#include <sprout/darkroom/lights/point_light.hpp>
+
+#endif	// #ifndef SPROUT_DARKROOM_LIGHTS_HPP
diff --git a/sprout/darkroom/lights/point_light.hpp b/sprout/darkroom/lights/point_light.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..59637475
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sprout/darkroom/lights/point_light.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+#ifndef SPROUT_DARKROOM_LIGHTS_POINT_LIGHT_HPP
+#define SPROUT_DARKROOM_LIGHTS_POINT_LIGHT_HPP
+
+#include <limits>
+#include <sprout/config.hpp>
+#include <sprout/tuple/tuple.hpp>
+#include <sprout/tuple/functions.hpp>
+#include <sprout/utility/forward.hpp>
+#include <sprout/darkroom/access/access.hpp>
+#include <sprout/darkroom/colors/rgb.hpp>
+#include <sprout/darkroom/coords/vector.hpp>
+#include <sprout/darkroom/rays/ray.hpp>
+#include <sprout/darkroom/materials/material.hpp>
+#include <sprout/darkroom/intersects/intersection.hpp>
+#include <sprout/darkroom/objects/intersect.hpp>
+#include HDR_ALGORITHM_SSCRISK_CEL_OR_SPROUT_DETAIL
+
+namespace sprout {
+	namespace darkroom {
+		namespace lights {
+			//
+			// basic_point_light
+			//
+			template<
+				typename Position = sprout::darkroom::coords::vector3d,
+				typename Color = sprout::darkroom::colors::rgb_f
+			>
+			class basic_point_light {
+			public:
+				typedef Position position_type;
+				typedef typename sprout::darkroom::access::unit<position_type>::type unit_type;
+				typedef Color color_type;
+			private:
+				position_type pos_;
+				color_type col_;
+			private:
+				template<typename Intersection>
+				SPROUT_CONSTEXPR color_type shade_4(
+					Intersection const& inter,
+					unit_type const& intensity
+					) const
+				{
+					return sprout::tuples::remake_clone<color_type>(
+						col_,
+						sprout::darkroom::colors::r(col_)
+							* sprout::darkroom::colors::r(
+								sprout::darkroom::materials::color(
+									sprout::darkroom::intersects::material(inter)
+									)
+								)
+							* intensity
+							,
+						sprout::darkroom::colors::g(col_)
+							* sprout::darkroom::colors::g(
+								sprout::darkroom::materials::color(
+									sprout::darkroom::intersects::material(inter)
+									)
+								)
+							* intensity
+							,
+						sprout::darkroom::colors::b(col_)
+							* sprout::darkroom::colors::b(
+								sprout::darkroom::materials::color(
+									sprout::darkroom::intersects::material(inter)
+									)
+								)
+							* intensity
+						);
+				}
+				template<typename Intersection, typename LightRayIntersection>
+				SPROUT_CONSTEXPR color_type shade_3(
+					Intersection const& inter,
+					position_type const& diff,
+					position_type const& direction,
+					LightRayIntersection const& light_ray_inter
+					) const
+				{
+					return shade_4(
+						inter,
+						!sprout::darkroom::intersects::does_intersect(light_ray_inter)
+							|| sprout::darkroom::intersects::distance(light_ray_inter)
+								> sprout::darkroom::coords::length(diff)
+							|| sprout::darkroom::intersects::distance(light_ray_inter)
+								< std::numeric_limits<unit_type>::epsilon()
+							? NS_SSCRISK_CEL_OR_SPROUT_DETAIL::max(
+								std::numeric_limits<unit_type>::epsilon(),
+								sprout::darkroom::coords::dot(
+									direction,
+									sprout::darkroom::intersects::normal(inter)
+									)
+									/ (sprout::darkroom::coords::length(diff) + 1)
+								)
+							: 0
+						);
+				}
+				template<typename Intersection, typename Objects>
+				SPROUT_CONSTEXPR color_type shade_2(
+					Intersection const& inter,
+					Objects const& objs,
+					position_type const& diff,
+					position_type const& direction
+					) const
+				{
+					return shade_3(
+						inter,
+						diff,
+						direction,
+						sprout::darkroom::objects::intersect_list(
+							objs,
+							sprout::darkroom::rays::make_ray(
+								sprout::darkroom::coords::add(
+									sprout::darkroom::coords::scale(
+										direction,
+										std::numeric_limits<unit_type>::epsilon() * 256
+										),
+									sprout::darkroom::intersects::point_of_intersection(inter)
+									),
+								direction
+								)
+							)
+						);
+				}
+				template<typename Intersection, typename Objects>
+				SPROUT_CONSTEXPR color_type shade_1(
+					Intersection const& inter,
+					Objects const& objs,
+					position_type const& diff
+					) const
+				{
+					return shade_2(
+						inter,
+						objs,
+						diff,
+						sprout::darkroom::coords::normalize(diff)
+						);
+				}
+			public:
+				SPROUT_CONSTEXPR basic_point_light(
+					position_type const& pos,
+					color_type const& col
+					)
+					: pos_(pos)
+					, col_(col)
+				{}
+				template<typename Intersection, typename Objects>
+				SPROUT_CONSTEXPR color_type operator()(Intersection const& inter, Objects const& objs) const {
+					return shade_1(
+						inter,
+						objs,
+						sprout::darkroom::coords::sub(
+							pos_,
+							sprout::darkroom::intersects::point_of_intersection(inter)
+							)
+						);
+				}
+			};
+			//
+			// make_point_light
+			//
+			template<typename Position, typename Color>
+			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline sprout::darkroom::lights::basic_point_light<Position, Color>
+			make_point_light(Position const& pos, Color const& col) {
+				return sprout::darkroom::lights::basic_point_light<Position, Color>(pos, col);
+			}
+		}	// namespace lights
+	}	// namespace darkroom
+}	// namespace sprout
+
+#endif	// #ifndef SPROUT_DARKROOM_LIGHTS_POINT_LIGHT_HPP
diff --git a/sprout/darkroom/materials.hpp b/sprout/darkroom/materials.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..f9c21c68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sprout/darkroom/materials.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#ifndef SPROUT_DARKROOM_MATERIALS_HPP
+#define SPROUT_DARKROOM_MATERIALS_HPP
+
+#include <sprout/config.hpp>
+#include <sprout/darkroom/materials/material.hpp>
+
+#endif	// #ifndef SPROUT_DARKROOM_MATERIALS_HPP
diff --git a/sprout/darkroom/materials/material.hpp b/sprout/darkroom/materials/material.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..54d8455a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sprout/darkroom/materials/material.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+#ifndef SPROUT_DARKROOM_MATERIALS_MATERIAL_HPP
+#define SPROUT_DARKROOM_MATERIALS_MATERIAL_HPP
+
+#include <sprout/config.hpp>
+#include <sprout/tuple/tuple.hpp>
+#include <sprout/utility/forward.hpp>
+#include <sprout/darkroom/access/access.hpp>
+#include <sprout/darkroom/colors/rgb.hpp>
+
+namespace sprout {
+	namespace darkroom {
+		namespace materials {
+			//
+			// color
+			// reflection
+			//
+			template<typename T>
+			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR auto color(
+				T&& t
+				) SPROUT_NOEXCEPT_EXPR(SPROUT_NOEXCEPT_EXPR(sprout::darkroom::access::get<0>(sprout::forward<T>(t))))
+				-> decltype(sprout::darkroom::access::get<0>(sprout::forward<T>(t)))
+			{
+				return sprout::darkroom::access::get<0>(sprout::forward<T>(t));
+			}
+			template<typename T>
+			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR auto reflection(
+				T&& t
+				) SPROUT_NOEXCEPT_EXPR(SPROUT_NOEXCEPT_EXPR(sprout::darkroom::access::get<1>(sprout::forward<T>(t))))
+				-> decltype(sprout::darkroom::access::get<1>(sprout::forward<T>(t)))
+			{
+				return sprout::darkroom::access::get<1>(sprout::forward<T>(t));
+			}
+
+			//
+			// calc_color
+			// calc_reflection
+			//
+			template<typename Image, typename Position, typename Normal>
+			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR auto calc_color(Image&& t, Position const&, Normal const&) SPROUT_NOEXCEPT
+				-> decltype(t)
+			{
+				return t;
+			}
+			template<typename Image, typename Position, typename Normal>
+			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR auto calc_reflection(Image&& t, Position const&, Normal const&) SPROUT_NOEXCEPT
+				-> decltype(t)
+			{
+				return t;
+			}
+
+			//
+			// calc_material
+			//
+			template<typename Material, typename Position, typename Normal>
+			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR auto calc_material(Material const& mat, Position const& pos, Normal const& nor)
+				-> decltype(sprout::tuples::make_tuple(
+					sprout::darkroom::materials::calc_color(sprout::darkroom::materials::color(mat), pos, nor),
+					sprout::darkroom::materials::calc_reflection(sprout::darkroom::materials::reflection(mat), pos, nor)
+					))
+			{
+				return sprout::tuples::make_tuple(
+					sprout::darkroom::materials::calc_color(sprout::darkroom::materials::color(mat), pos, nor),
+					sprout::darkroom::materials::calc_reflection(sprout::darkroom::materials::reflection(mat), pos, nor)
+					);
+			}
+
+			//
+			// make_material_image
+			//
+			template<typename ColorImage, typename ReflectionImage>
+			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR sprout::tuples::tuple<ColorImage, ReflectionImage>
+			make_material_image(ColorImage const& col, ReflectionImage const& ref) {
+				return sprout::tuples::make_tuple(col, ref);
+			}
+
+			//
+			// material
+			//
+			typedef sprout::tuples::tuple<sprout::darkroom::colors::rgb_f, double> material;
+		}	// namespace materials
+	}	// namespace darkroom
+}	// namespace sprout
+
+#endif	// #ifndef SPROUT_DARKROOM_MATERIALS_MATERIAL_HPP
diff --git a/sprout/darkroom/objects.hpp b/sprout/darkroom/objects.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..343a2198
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sprout/darkroom/objects.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+#ifndef SPROUT_DARKROOM_OBJECTS_HPP
+#define SPROUT_DARKROOM_OBJECTS_HPP
+
+#include <sprout/config.hpp>
+#include <sprout/darkroom/objects/intersect.hpp>
+#include <sprout/darkroom/objects/sphere.hpp>
+
+#endif	// #ifndef SPROUT_DARKROOM_OBJECTS_HPP
diff --git a/sprout/darkroom/objects/intersect.hpp b/sprout/darkroom/objects/intersect.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..452a2b0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sprout/darkroom/objects/intersect.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+#ifndef SPROUT_DARKROOM_OBJECTS_INTERSECT_HPP
+#define SPROUT_DARKROOM_OBJECTS_INTERSECT_HPP
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <sprout/config.hpp>
+#include <sprout/darkroom/access/access.hpp>
+#include <sprout/darkroom/intersects/intersection.hpp>
+
+namespace sprout {
+	namespace darkroom {
+		namespace objects {
+			//
+			// intersect
+			//
+			template<typename Object, typename Ray>
+			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename Object::template intersection<Ray>::type
+			intersect(Object const& obj, Ray const& ray) {
+				return obj.intersect(ray);
+			}
+
+			//
+			// intersect_list
+			//
+			namespace detail {
+				template<std::size_t N>
+				struct intersect_list_impl {
+				private:
+					template<typename Objects, typename Ray, typename A, typename B>
+					SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename sprout::darkroom::access::unit<Objects>::type
+						::template intersection<Ray>::type
+					comp(A const& a, B const& b) const {
+						return sprout::darkroom::intersects::does_intersect(a)
+								&& sprout::darkroom::intersects::does_intersect(b)
+							? sprout::darkroom::intersects::distance(a) < sprout::darkroom::intersects::distance(b)
+								? a
+								: b
+							: sprout::darkroom::intersects::does_intersect(a)
+								? a
+								: b
+							;
+					}
+				public:
+					template<typename Objects, typename Ray>
+					SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename sprout::darkroom::access::unit<Objects>::type
+						::template intersection<Ray>::type
+					operator()(Objects const& objs, Ray const& ray) const {
+						return comp<Objects, Ray>(
+							sprout::darkroom::objects::intersect(sprout::darkroom::access::get<N>(objs), ray),
+							intersect_list_impl<N - 1>()(objs, ray)
+							);
+					}
+				};
+				template<>
+				struct intersect_list_impl<0> {
+				public:
+					template<typename Objects, typename Ray>
+					SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename sprout::darkroom::access::unit<Objects>::type
+						::template intersection<Ray>::type
+					operator()(Objects const& objs, Ray const& ray) const {
+						return sprout::darkroom::objects::intersect(sprout::darkroom::access::get<0>(objs), ray);
+					}
+				};
+			}	// namespace detail
+			template<typename Objects, typename Ray>
+			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename sprout::darkroom::access::unit<Objects>::type
+				::template intersection<Ray>::type
+			intersect_list(Objects const& objs, Ray const& ray) {
+				return sprout::darkroom::objects::detail::intersect_list_impl<
+					sprout::darkroom::access::size<Objects>::value - 1
+					>()(objs, ray);
+			}
+		}	// namespace objects
+	}	// namespace darkroom
+}	// namespace sprout
+
+#endif	// #ifndef SPROUT_DARKROOM_OBJECTS_INTERSECT_HPP
diff --git a/sprout/darkroom/objects/sphere.hpp b/sprout/darkroom/objects/sphere.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..1022865c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sprout/darkroom/objects/sphere.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,244 @@
+#ifndef SPROUT_DARKROOM_OBJECTS_SPHERE_HPP
+#define SPROUT_DARKROOM_OBJECTS_SPHERE_HPP
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <sprout/config.hpp>
+#include <sprout/tuple/tuple.hpp>
+#include <sprout/tuple/functions.hpp>
+#include <sprout/darkroom/access/access.hpp>
+#include <sprout/darkroom/coords/vector.hpp>
+#include <sprout/darkroom/rays/ray.hpp>
+#include <sprout/darkroom/materials/material.hpp>
+
+namespace sprout {
+	namespace darkroom {
+		namespace objects {
+			//
+			// basic_sphere
+			//
+			template<typename Material, typename Position = sprout::darkroom::coords::vector3d>
+			class basic_sphere {
+			public:
+				typedef Material material_type;
+				typedef Position position_type;
+				typedef typename sprout::darkroom::access::unit<position_type>::type unit_type;
+				typedef unit_type radius_type;
+			public:
+				template<typename Ray>
+				struct intersection {
+					typedef sprout::tuples::tuple<
+						bool,
+						unit_type,
+						position_type,
+						position_type,
+						decltype(sprout::darkroom::materials::calc_material(
+							std::declval<material_type const&>(),
+							std::declval<position_type const&>(),
+							std::declval<position_type const&>()
+							))
+					> type;
+				};
+			private:
+				typedef sprout::tuples::tuple<int, bool, unit_type> zwo_type;
+				typedef sprout::tuples::tuple<position_type, position_type> drei_type;
+				struct zw {
+					SPROUT_STATIC_CONSTEXPR std::size_t hit_side = 0;
+					SPROUT_STATIC_CONSTEXPR std::size_t does_intersect = 1;
+					SPROUT_STATIC_CONSTEXPR std::size_t distance = 2;
+				};
+				struct dr {
+					SPROUT_STATIC_CONSTEXPR std::size_t point_of_intersection = 0;
+					SPROUT_STATIC_CONSTEXPR std::size_t normal = 1;
+				};
+			private:
+				position_type pos_;
+				radius_type rad_;
+				material_type mat_;
+			private:
+				template<typename Ray>
+				SPROUT_CONSTEXPR zwo_type zweitens_2(
+					Ray const& ray,
+					unit_type const& i1,
+					unit_type const& i2,
+					int hit_side,
+					bool does_intersect
+					) const
+				{
+					return zwo_type(
+						hit_side,
+						does_intersect,
+						hit_side < 0 ? i2
+							: hit_side > 0 ? i1
+							: -1
+						);
+				}
+				template<typename Ray>
+				SPROUT_CONSTEXPR zwo_type zweitens_1(
+					Ray const& ray,
+					unit_type const& i1,
+					unit_type const& i2
+					) const
+				{
+					return zweitens_2(
+						ray,
+						i1,
+						i2,
+						i2 > 0
+							? i1 < 0 ? -1 : 1
+							: 0
+							,
+						i2 > 0
+						);
+				}
+				template<typename Ray>
+				SPROUT_CONSTEXPR zwo_type zweitens(
+					Ray const& ray,
+					bool neg,
+					unit_type const& b,
+					unit_type const& det
+					) const
+				{
+					return neg
+						? zweitens_1(ray, b - det, b + det)
+						: zwo_type(0, false, -1)
+						;
+				}
+				template<typename Ray>
+				SPROUT_CONSTEXPR drei_type drittens_1(
+					Ray const& ray,
+					typename sprout::darkroom::access::unit<Ray>::type point_of_intersection
+					) const
+				{
+					return drei_type(
+						point_of_intersection,
+						sprout::darkroom::coords::normalize(
+							sprout::darkroom::coords::sub(point_of_intersection, pos_)
+							)
+						);
+				}
+				template<typename Ray>
+				SPROUT_CONSTEXPR drei_type drittens(
+					Ray const& ray,
+					bool neg,
+					unit_type const& distance
+					) const
+				{
+					return neg
+						? drittens_1(ray, sprout::darkroom::rays::point_of_intersection(ray, distance))
+						: drei_type(
+							sprout::tuples::make_clone<position_type>(0, 0, 0),
+							sprout::tuples::make_clone<position_type>(1, 1, 1)
+							)
+						;
+				}
+				template<typename Ray>
+				SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename intersection<Ray>::type intersect_5(
+					Ray const& ray,
+					zwo_type const& zwo,
+					drei_type const& drei
+					) const
+				{
+					return typename intersection<Ray>::type(
+						sprout::tuples::get<zw::does_intersect>(zwo),
+						sprout::tuples::get<zw::distance>(zwo),
+						sprout::tuples::get<dr::point_of_intersection>(drei),
+						sprout::tuples::get<dr::normal>(drei),
+						sprout::darkroom::materials::calc_material(
+							mat_,
+							sprout::tuples::get<dr::point_of_intersection>(drei),
+							sprout::tuples::get<dr::normal>(drei)
+							)
+						);
+				}
+				template<typename Ray>
+				SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename intersection<Ray>::type intersect_4(
+					Ray const& ray,
+					zwo_type const& zwo
+					) const
+				{
+					return intersect_5(
+						ray,
+						zwo,
+						drittens(
+							ray,
+							sprout::tuples::get<zw::does_intersect>(zwo),
+							sprout::tuples::get<zw::distance>(zwo)
+							)
+						);
+				}
+				template<typename Ray>
+				SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename intersection<Ray>::type intersect_3(
+					Ray const& ray,
+					unit_type const& b,
+					unit_type const& det_sq
+					) const
+				{
+					using std::sqrt;
+					return intersect_4(
+						ray,
+						zweitens(
+							ray,
+							det_sq > 0,
+							b,
+							sqrt(det_sq)
+							)
+						);
+				}
+				template<typename Ray>
+				SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename intersection<Ray>::type intersect_2(
+					Ray const& ray,
+					position_type const& v,
+					unit_type const& b
+					) const
+				{
+					return intersect_3(
+						ray,
+						b,
+						b * b - sprout::darkroom::coords::length_sq(v) + rad_ * rad_
+						);
+				}
+				template<typename Ray>
+				SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename intersection<Ray>::type intersect_1(
+					Ray const& ray,
+					position_type const& v
+					) const
+				{
+					return intersect_2(
+						ray,
+						v,
+						-sprout::darkroom::coords::dot(v, sprout::darkroom::rays::direction(ray))
+						);
+				}
+			public:
+				SPROUT_CONSTEXPR basic_sphere(
+					position_type const& pos,
+					radius_type rad,
+					material_type const& mat
+					)
+					: pos_(pos)
+					, rad_(rad)
+					, mat_(mat)
+				{};
+				template<typename Ray>
+				SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename intersection<Ray>::type intersect(Ray const& ray) const {
+					return intersect_1(
+						ray,
+						sprout::darkroom::coords::sub(sprout::darkroom::rays::position(ray), pos_)
+						);
+				}
+			};
+			//
+			// make_sphere
+			//
+			template<typename Material, typename Position, typename Radius>
+			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline sprout::darkroom::objects::basic_sphere<Material, Position>
+			make_sphere(Position const& pos, Radius const& rad, Material const& mat) {
+				return sprout::darkroom::objects::basic_sphere<Material, Position>(pos, rad, mat);
+			}
+		}	// namespace objects
+	}	// namespace darkroom
+}	// namespace sprout
+
+#endif	// #ifndef SPROUT_DARKROOM_OBJECTS_SPHERE_HPP
diff --git a/sprout/darkroom/pixels.hpp b/sprout/darkroom/pixels.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..21892570
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sprout/darkroom/pixels.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#ifndef SPROUT_DARKROOM_PIXELS_HPP
+#define SPROUT_DARKROOM_PIXELS_HPP
+
+#include <sprout/config.hpp>
+#include <sprout/darkroom/pixels/generate.hpp>
+
+#endif	// #ifndef SPROUT_DARKROOM_PIXELS_HPP
diff --git a/sprout/darkroom/pixels/generate.hpp b/sprout/darkroom/pixels/generate.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ef8dd666
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sprout/darkroom/pixels/generate.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+#ifndef SPROUT_DARKROOM_PIXELS_GENERATE_HPP
+#define SPROUT_DARKROOM_PIXELS_GENERATE_HPP
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <sprout/config.hpp>
+#include <sprout/index_tuple.hpp>
+#include <sprout/array.hpp>
+#include <sprout/fixed_container/traits.hpp>
+#include <sprout/fixed_container/functions.hpp>
+#include <sprout/darkroom/colors/rgb.hpp>
+
+namespace sprout {
+	namespace darkroom {
+		namespace pixels {
+			//
+			// generate
+			//
+			namespace detail {
+				template<
+					typename Pixels,
+					typename RayTracer,
+					typename Renderer,
+					typename Camera,
+					typename Objects,
+					typename Lights,
+					std::ptrdiff_t... XIndexes
+				>
+				SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<Pixels>::value_type
+				generate_impl_line(
+					RayTracer const& raytracer,
+					Renderer const& renderer,
+					Camera const& camera,
+					Objects const& objs,
+					Lights const& lights,
+					typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<
+						typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<Pixels>::value_type
+						>::size_type x
+						,
+					typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<Pixels>::size_type y,
+					typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<
+						typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<Pixels>::value_type
+						>::size_type width
+						,
+					typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<Pixels>::size_type height,
+					std::size_t depth_max,
+					sprout::index_tuple<XIndexes...>
+					)
+				{
+					typedef typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<Pixels>::value_type pixel_line_type;
+					typedef typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<pixel_line_type>::value_type pixel_type;
+					return sprout::make_clone<pixel_line_type>(
+						sprout::darkroom::colors::rgb_f_to_rgb<pixel_type>(
+							raytracer.template operator()(
+								renderer,
+								camera,
+								objs,
+								lights,
+								x + XIndexes,
+								y,
+								width,
+								height,
+								depth_max
+								)
+							)...
+						);
+				}
+				template<
+					typename Pixels,
+					typename RayTracer,
+					typename Renderer,
+					typename Camera,
+					typename Objects,
+					typename Lights,
+					std::ptrdiff_t... YIndexes
+				>
+				SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline Pixels
+				generate_impl(
+					RayTracer const& raytracer,
+					Renderer const& renderer,
+					Camera const& camera,
+					Objects const& objs,
+					Lights const& lights,
+					typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<
+						typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<Pixels>::value_type
+						>::size_type x
+						,
+					typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<Pixels>::size_type y,
+					typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<
+						typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<Pixels>::value_type
+						>::size_type width
+						,
+					typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<Pixels>::size_type height,
+					std::size_t depth_max,
+					sprout::index_tuple<YIndexes...>
+					)
+				{
+					return sprout::make_clone<Pixels>(
+						sprout::darkroom::pixels::detail::generate_impl_line<Pixels>(
+							raytracer,
+							renderer,
+							camera,
+							objs,
+							lights,
+							x,
+							y + YIndexes,
+							width,
+							height,
+							depth_max,
+							typename sprout::index_range<
+								0,
+								sprout::fixed_container_traits<
+									typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<Pixels>::value_type
+									>::fixed_size
+								>::type()
+							)...
+						);
+				}
+			}	// namespace detail
+			template<
+				typename Pixels,
+				typename RayTracer,
+				typename Renderer,
+				typename Camera,
+				typename Objects,
+				typename Lights
+			>
+			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline Pixels generate(
+				RayTracer const& raytracer,
+				Renderer const& renderer,
+				Camera const& camera,
+				Objects const& objs,
+				Lights const& lights,
+				typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<
+					typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<Pixels>::value_type
+					>::size_type x
+					= 0
+					,
+				typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<Pixels>::size_type y
+					= 0
+					,
+				typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<
+					typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<Pixels>::value_type
+					>::size_type width
+					= sprout::fixed_container_traits<
+						typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<Pixels>::value_type
+						>::fixed_size
+					,
+				typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<Pixels>::size_type height
+					= sprout::fixed_container_traits<Pixels>::fixed_size
+					,
+				std::size_t depth_max = 8
+				)
+			{
+				return sprout::darkroom::pixels::detail::generate_impl<Pixels>(
+					raytracer,
+					renderer,
+					camera,
+					objs,
+					lights,
+					x,
+					y,
+					width,
+					height,
+					depth_max,
+					typename sprout::index_range<
+						0,
+						sprout::fixed_container_traits<Pixels>::fixed_size
+						>::type()
+					);
+			}
+
+			//
+			// color_pixels
+			//
+			template<std::size_t Width, std::size_t Height, typename Color = sprout::darkroom::colors::rgb>
+			struct color_pixels {
+			public:
+				typedef sprout::array<
+					sprout::array<Color, Width>,
+					Height
+				> type;
+			};
+		}	// namespace pixels
+	}	// namespace darkroom
+}	// namespace sprout
+
+#endif	// #ifndef SPROUT_DARKROOM_PIXELS_GENERATE_HPP
diff --git a/sprout/darkroom/rays.hpp b/sprout/darkroom/rays.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9c79389c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sprout/darkroom/rays.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#ifndef SPROUT_DARKROOM_RAYS_HPP
+#define SPROUT_DARKROOM_RAYS_HPP
+
+#include <sprout/config.hpp>
+#include <sprout/darkroom/rays/ray.hpp>
+
+#endif	// #ifndef SPROUT_DARKROOM_RAYS_HPP
diff --git a/sprout/darkroom/rays/ray.hpp b/sprout/darkroom/rays/ray.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..968ce4c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sprout/darkroom/rays/ray.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+#ifndef SPROUT_DARKROOM_RAYS_RAY_HPP
+#define SPROUT_DARKROOM_RAYS_RAY_HPP
+
+#include <sprout/config.hpp>
+#include <sprout/tuple/tuple.hpp>
+#include <sprout/utility/forward.hpp>
+#include <sprout/darkroom/access/access.hpp>
+#include <sprout/darkroom/coords/vector.hpp>
+
+namespace sprout {
+	namespace darkroom {
+		namespace rays {
+			//
+			// position
+			// direction
+			//
+			template<typename T>
+			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR auto position(
+				T&& t
+				) SPROUT_NOEXCEPT_EXPR(SPROUT_NOEXCEPT_EXPR(sprout::darkroom::access::get<0>(sprout::forward<T>(t))))
+				-> decltype(sprout::darkroom::access::get<0>(sprout::forward<T>(t)))
+			{
+				return sprout::darkroom::access::get<0>(sprout::forward<T>(t));
+			}
+			template<typename T>
+			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR auto direction(
+				T&& t
+				) SPROUT_NOEXCEPT_EXPR(SPROUT_NOEXCEPT_EXPR(sprout::darkroom::access::get<1>(sprout::forward<T>(t))))
+				-> decltype(sprout::darkroom::access::get<1>(sprout::forward<T>(t)))
+			{
+				return sprout::darkroom::access::get<1>(sprout::forward<T>(t));
+			}
+
+			//
+			// make_ray
+			//
+			template<typename Position, typename Direction>
+			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR sprout::tuples::tuple<Position, Direction>
+			make_ray(Position const& pos, Direction const& dir) {
+				return sprout::tuples::make_tuple(pos, dir);
+			}
+
+			//
+			// ray
+			//
+			typedef sprout::tuples::tuple<sprout::darkroom::coords::vector3d, sprout::darkroom::coords::vector3d> ray;
+
+			//
+			// point_of_intersection
+			//
+			template<typename Ray, typename Distance>
+			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename sprout::darkroom::access::unit<Ray>::type
+			point_of_intersection(Ray const& ray, Distance const& dist) {
+				return sprout::darkroom::coords::add(
+					sprout::darkroom::rays::position(ray),
+					sprout::darkroom::coords::scale(sprout::darkroom::rays::direction(ray), dist)
+					);
+			}
+		}	// namespace ray
+	}	// namespace darkroom
+}	// namespace sprout
+
+#endif	// #ifndef SPROUT_DARKROOM_RAYS_RAY_HPP
diff --git a/sprout/darkroom/renderers.hpp b/sprout/darkroom/renderers.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9871c828
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sprout/darkroom/renderers.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#ifndef SPROUT_DARKROOM_RENDERERS_HPP
+#define SPROUT_DARKROOM_RENDERERS_HPP
+
+#include <sprout/config.hpp>
+#include <sprout/darkroom/renderers/whitted_style.hpp>
+
+#endif	// #ifndef SPROUT_DARKROOM_RENDERERS_HPP
diff --git a/sprout/darkroom/renderers/whitted_style.hpp b/sprout/darkroom/renderers/whitted_style.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..9d8cc8b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sprout/darkroom/renderers/whitted_style.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+#ifndef SPROUT_DARKROOM_RENDERERS_WHITTED_STYLE_HPP
+#define SPROUT_DARKROOM_RENDERERS_WHITTED_STYLE_HPP
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <limits>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <sprout/config.hpp>
+#include <sprout/tuple/functions.hpp>
+#include <sprout/darkroom/access/access.hpp>
+#include <sprout/darkroom/colors/rgb.hpp>
+#include <sprout/darkroom/coords/vector.hpp>
+#include <sprout/darkroom/rays/ray.hpp>
+#include <sprout/darkroom/materials/material.hpp>
+#include <sprout/darkroom/intersects/intersection.hpp>
+#include <sprout/darkroom/objects/intersect.hpp>
+
+namespace sprout {
+	namespace darkroom {
+		namespace renderers {
+			//
+			// whitted_mirror
+			//
+			class whitted_mirror {
+			private:
+				template<
+					typename Color,
+					typename Camera,
+					typename Objects,
+					typename Lights,
+					typename Ray,
+					typename Intersection,
+					typename Tracer,
+					typename Direction
+				>
+				SPROUT_CONSTEXPR Color color_1(
+					Camera const& camera,
+					Objects const& objs,
+					Lights const& lights,
+					Ray const& ray,
+					Intersection const& inter,
+					Tracer const& tracer,
+					std::size_t depth_max,
+					Direction const& reflect_dir
+					) const
+				{
+					return tracer.template operator()<Color>(
+						camera,
+						objs,
+						lights,
+						sprout::tuples::remake_clone<Ray>(
+							ray,
+							sprout::darkroom::coords::add(
+								sprout::darkroom::intersects::point_of_intersection(inter),
+								sprout::darkroom::coords::scale(
+									reflect_dir,
+									std::numeric_limits<typename sprout::darkroom::access::unit<Direction>::type>::epsilon() * 256
+									)
+								// !!!
+//								sprout::darkroom::coords::scale(
+//									sprout::darkroom::intersects::normal(inter),
+//									std::numeric_limits<typename sprout::darkroom::access::unit<Direction>::type>::epsilon() * 256
+//									)
+								),
+							reflect_dir
+							),
+						depth_max - 1
+						);
+				}
+			public:
+				template<
+					typename Color,
+					typename Camera,
+					typename Objects,
+					typename Lights,
+					typename Ray,
+					typename Intersection,
+					typename Tracer
+				>
+				SPROUT_CONSTEXPR Color operator()(
+					Camera const& camera,
+					Objects const& objs,
+					Lights const& lights,
+					Ray const& ray,
+					Intersection const& inter,
+					Tracer const& tracer,
+					std::size_t depth_max
+					) const
+				{
+					typedef typename std::decay<
+						decltype(sprout::darkroom::materials::reflection(sprout::darkroom::intersects::material(inter)))
+					>::type reflection_type;
+					return depth_max > 0
+						&& sprout::darkroom::intersects::does_intersect(inter)
+						&& sprout::darkroom::materials::reflection(sprout::darkroom::intersects::material(inter))
+							> std::numeric_limits<reflection_type>::epsilon()
+						? color_1<Color>(
+							camera,
+							objs,
+							lights,
+							ray,
+							inter,
+							tracer,
+							depth_max,
+							sprout::darkroom::coords::reflect(
+								sprout::darkroom::rays::direction(ray),
+								sprout::darkroom::intersects::normal(inter)
+								)
+							)
+						: sprout::tuples::make_clone<Color>(0, 0, 0)
+						;
+				}
+			};
+			//
+			// whitted_style
+			//
+			class whitted_style {
+			private:
+				template<
+					typename Color,
+					typename Ray,
+					typename Intersection
+				>
+				SPROUT_CONSTEXPR Color color_3(
+					Ray const& ray,
+					Intersection const& inter,
+					Color const& diffuse_color,
+					Color const& mirror_color
+					) const
+				{
+					return sprout::darkroom::intersects::does_intersect(inter)
+						? sprout::darkroom::colors::add(
+							sprout::darkroom::colors::mul(
+								diffuse_color,
+								1 - sprout::darkroom::materials::reflection(sprout::darkroom::intersects::material(inter))
+								),
+							sprout::darkroom::colors::mul(
+								sprout::darkroom::colors::filter(
+									sprout::darkroom::materials::color(sprout::darkroom::intersects::material(inter)),
+									mirror_color
+									),
+								sprout::darkroom::materials::reflection(sprout::darkroom::intersects::material(inter))
+								)
+							)
+						: sprout::darkroom::coords::normal_to_color<Color>(sprout::darkroom::rays::direction(ray))
+						;
+				}
+				template<
+					typename Color,
+					typename Camera,
+					typename Objects,
+					typename Lights,
+					typename Ray,
+					typename Intersection
+				>
+				SPROUT_CONSTEXPR Color color_2(
+					Camera const& camera,
+					Objects const& objs,
+					Lights const& lights,
+					Ray const& ray,
+					std::size_t depth_max,
+					Intersection const& inter,
+					Color const& diffuse_color
+					) const
+				{
+					return color_3<Color>(
+					ray,
+					inter,
+					diffuse_color,
+					sprout::darkroom::renderers::whitted_mirror().template operator()<Color>(
+							camera,
+							objs,
+							lights,
+							ray,
+							inter,
+							*this,
+							depth_max
+							)
+						);
+				}
+				template<
+					typename Color,
+					typename Camera,
+					typename Objects,
+					typename Lights,
+					typename Ray,
+					typename Intersection
+				>
+				SPROUT_CONSTEXPR Color color_1(
+					Camera const& camera,
+					Objects const& objs,
+					Lights const& lights,
+					Ray const& ray,
+					std::size_t depth_max,
+					Intersection const& inter
+					) const
+				{
+					return color_2<Color>(
+						camera,
+						objs,
+						lights,
+						ray,
+						depth_max,
+						inter,
+						lights.template operator()(inter, objs)
+						);
+				}
+			public:
+				template<
+					typename Color,
+					typename Camera,
+					typename Objects,
+					typename Lights,
+					typename Ray
+				>
+				SPROUT_CONSTEXPR Color operator()(
+					Camera const& camera,
+					Objects const& objs,
+					Lights const& lights,
+					Ray const& ray,
+					std::size_t depth_max
+					) const
+				{
+					return color_1<Color>(
+						camera,
+						objs,
+						lights,
+						ray,
+						depth_max,
+						sprout::darkroom::objects::intersect_list(objs, ray)
+						);
+				}
+			};
+		}	// namespace renderers
+	}	// namespace darkroom
+}	// namespace sprout
+
+#endif	// #ifndef SPROUT_DARKROOM_RENDERERS_WHITTED_STYLE_HPP
diff --git a/sprout/darkroom/tracers.hpp b/sprout/darkroom/tracers.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e5e15885
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sprout/darkroom/tracers.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+#ifndef SPROUT_DARKROOM_TRACERS_HPP
+#define SPROUT_DARKROOM_TRACERS_HPP
+
+#include <sprout/config.hpp>
+#include <sprout/darkroom/tracers/raytracer.hpp>
+
+#endif	// #ifndef SPROUT_DARKROOM_TRACERS_HPP
diff --git a/sprout/darkroom/tracers/raytracer.hpp b/sprout/darkroom/tracers/raytracer.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a351a80c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sprout/darkroom/tracers/raytracer.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+#ifndef SPROUT_DARKROOM_TRACERS_RAYTRACER_HPP
+#define SPROUT_DARKROOM_TRACERS_RAYTRACER_HPP
+
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <sprout/config.hpp>
+#include <sprout/darkroom/colors/rgb.hpp>
+
+namespace sprout {
+	namespace darkroom {
+		namespace tracers {
+			//
+			// raytracer
+			//
+			template<typename Color = sprout::darkroom::colors::rgb_f>
+			class raytracer {
+			public:
+				typedef Color color_type;
+			public:
+				template<
+					typename Renderer,
+					typename Camera,
+					typename Objects,
+					typename Lights,
+					typename Unit
+				>
+				SPROUT_CONSTEXPR color_type operator()(
+					Renderer const& renderer,
+					Camera const& camera,
+					Objects const& objs,
+					Lights const& lights,
+					Unit const& x,
+					Unit const& y,
+					Unit const& width,
+					Unit const& height,
+					std::size_t depth_max = 8
+					) const
+				{
+					return renderer.template operator()<color_type>(
+						camera,
+						objs,
+						lights,
+						camera.template operator()(
+							static_cast<typename Camera::unit_type>(x) / width - 0.5,
+							static_cast<typename Camera::unit_type>(y) / height - 0.5
+							),
+						depth_max
+						);
+				}
+			};
+		}	// namespace tracers
+	}	// namespace darkroom
+}	// namespace sprout
+
+#endif	// #ifndef SPROUT_DARKROOM_TRACERS_RAYTRACER_HPP
diff --git a/sprout/tuple/tuple.hpp b/sprout/tuple/tuple.hpp
index aa5c1242..aa2452b5 100644
--- a/sprout/tuple/tuple.hpp
+++ b/sprout/tuple/tuple.hpp
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 					: inherited_type()
 					, base_type()
 				{}
-				SPROUT_CONSTEXPR explicit tuple_impl(const Head& h, Tail const&... tail)
+				SPROUT_CONSTEXPR explicit tuple_impl(Head const& h, Tail const&... tail)
 					: inherited_type(tail...)
 					, base_type(h)
 				{}
@@ -215,10 +215,15 @@ namespace sprout {
 				: inherited_type(elements...)
 			{}
 			template<typename... UTypes>
-			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR explicit tuple(UTypes&&... elements)
-				: inherited_type(sprout::forward<UTypes>(elements)...)
+			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR explicit tuple(UTypes const&... elements)
+				: inherited_type(elements...)
 			{}
-			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR tuple(tuple const &) = default;
+			// !!!
+//			template<typename... UTypes>
+//			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR explicit tuple(UTypes&&... elements)
+//				: inherited_type(sprout::forward<UTypes>(elements)...)
+//			{}
+			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR tuple(tuple const&) = default;
 			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR tuple(tuple&&) = default;
 			template<typename... UTypes>
 			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR tuple(sprout::tuples::tuple<UTypes...> const& t)