diff --git a/sprout/algorithm/fixed/copy.hpp b/sprout/algorithm/fixed/copy.hpp
index aff85283..2bf191e2 100644
--- a/sprout/algorithm/fixed/copy.hpp
+++ b/sprout/algorithm/fixed/copy.hpp
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<Result>::size_type input_size
 				)
 			{
-				return sprout::remake_clone<Result, Result>(
+				return sprout::remake_clone<Result>(
 					result,
 					sprout::size(result),
 					(Indexes >= offset && Indexes < offset + size && Indexes < offset + input_size
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				Args const&... args
 				)
 			{
-				return sprout::remake_clone<Result, Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
+				return sprout::remake_clone<Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
 			}
 			template<typename InputIterator, typename Result, typename... Args>
 			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename std::enable_if<
diff --git a/sprout/algorithm/fixed/copy_backward.hpp b/sprout/algorithm/fixed/copy_backward.hpp
index 49432ab9..f235a706 100644
--- a/sprout/algorithm/fixed/copy_backward.hpp
+++ b/sprout/algorithm/fixed/copy_backward.hpp
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<Result>::size_type input_size
 				)
 			{
-				return sprout::remake_clone<Result, Result>(
+				return sprout::remake_clone<Result>(
 					result,
 					sprout::size(result),
 					(Indexes < offset && Indexes + size >= static_cast<std::size_t>(offset) && Indexes + input_size >= static_cast<std::size_t>(offset)
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				Args const&... args
 				)
 			{
-				return sprout::remake_clone<Result, Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
+				return sprout::remake_clone<Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
 			}
 			template<typename BidirectionalIterator, typename Result, typename... Args>
 			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename std::enable_if<
diff --git a/sprout/algorithm/fixed/copy_if.hpp b/sprout/algorithm/fixed/copy_if.hpp
index 3c871329..c1a389f1 100644
--- a/sprout/algorithm/fixed/copy_if.hpp
+++ b/sprout/algorithm/fixed/copy_if.hpp
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				Args const&... args
 				)
 			{
-				return sprout::remake_clone<Result, Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
+				return sprout::remake_clone<Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
 			}
 			template<typename InputIterator, typename Result, typename Predicate, typename... Args>
 			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename std::enable_if<
diff --git a/sprout/algorithm/fixed/copy_n.hpp b/sprout/algorithm/fixed/copy_n.hpp
index 04b58d77..2293021f 100644
--- a/sprout/algorithm/fixed/copy_n.hpp
+++ b/sprout/algorithm/fixed/copy_n.hpp
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				Args const&... args
 				)
 			{
-				return sprout::remake_clone<Result, Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
+				return sprout::remake_clone<Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
 			}
 			template<typename InputIterator, typename Size, typename Result, typename... Args>
 			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename std::enable_if<
diff --git a/sprout/algorithm/fixed/fill.hpp b/sprout/algorithm/fixed/fill.hpp
index 99feb181..f7fe6d2f 100644
--- a/sprout/algorithm/fixed/fill.hpp
+++ b/sprout/algorithm/fixed/fill.hpp
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<Container>::size_type size
 				)
 			{
-				return sprout::remake_clone<Container, Container>(
+				return sprout::remake_clone<Container>(
 					cont,
 					sprout::size(cont),
 					(Indexes >= offset && Indexes < offset + size
diff --git a/sprout/algorithm/fixed/generate.hpp b/sprout/algorithm/fixed/generate.hpp
index a9ebcda0..2a670f61 100644
--- a/sprout/algorithm/fixed/generate.hpp
+++ b/sprout/algorithm/fixed/generate.hpp
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				Args const&... args
 				)
 			{
-				return sprout::remake_clone<Container, Container>(cont, sprout::size(cont), args...);
+				return sprout::remake_clone<Container>(cont, sprout::size(cont), args...);
 			}
 			template<std::size_t InitSize, typename Container, typename Generator, typename... Args>
 			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename std::enable_if<
diff --git a/sprout/algorithm/fixed/merge.hpp b/sprout/algorithm/fixed/merge.hpp
index a5b27f28..ae8bc5b4 100644
--- a/sprout/algorithm/fixed/merge.hpp
+++ b/sprout/algorithm/fixed/merge.hpp
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				Args const&... args
 				)
 			{
-				return sprout::remake_clone<Result, Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
+				return sprout::remake_clone<Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
 			}
 			template<typename InputIterator1, typename InputIterator2, typename Result, typename Compare, typename... Args>
 			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename std::enable_if<
diff --git a/sprout/algorithm/fixed/partition_copy.hpp b/sprout/algorithm/fixed/partition_copy.hpp
index 01007f29..da2f9a84 100644
--- a/sprout/algorithm/fixed/partition_copy.hpp
+++ b/sprout/algorithm/fixed/partition_copy.hpp
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				Args const&... args
 				)
 			{
-				return sprout::remake_clone<Result, Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
+				return sprout::remake_clone<Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
 			}
 			template<typename InputIterator, typename Result, typename Predicate, typename... Args>
 			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename std::enable_if<
diff --git a/sprout/algorithm/fixed/remove_copy.hpp b/sprout/algorithm/fixed/remove_copy.hpp
index 2ed0adc6..bf49246f 100644
--- a/sprout/algorithm/fixed/remove_copy.hpp
+++ b/sprout/algorithm/fixed/remove_copy.hpp
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				Args const&... args
 				)
 			{
-				return sprout::remake_clone<Result, Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
+				return sprout::remake_clone<Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
 			}
 			template<typename InputIterator, typename Result, typename T, typename... Args>
 			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename std::enable_if<
diff --git a/sprout/algorithm/fixed/remove_copy_if.hpp b/sprout/algorithm/fixed/remove_copy_if.hpp
index 8c004baa..5cd75d7c 100644
--- a/sprout/algorithm/fixed/remove_copy_if.hpp
+++ b/sprout/algorithm/fixed/remove_copy_if.hpp
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				Args const&... args
 				)
 			{
-				return sprout::remake_clone<Result, Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
+				return sprout::remake_clone<Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
 			}
 			template<typename InputIterator, typename Result, typename Predicate, typename... Args>
 			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename std::enable_if<
diff --git a/sprout/algorithm/fixed/replace_copy.hpp b/sprout/algorithm/fixed/replace_copy.hpp
index 6c6da3df..ecc01963 100644
--- a/sprout/algorithm/fixed/replace_copy.hpp
+++ b/sprout/algorithm/fixed/replace_copy.hpp
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<Result>::size_type input_size
 				)
 			{
-				return sprout::remake_clone<Result, Result>(
+				return sprout::remake_clone<Result>(
 					result,
 					sprout::size(result),
 					(Indexes >= offset && Indexes < offset + size && Indexes < offset + input_size
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				Args const&... args
 				)
 			{
-				return sprout::remake_clone<Result, Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
+				return sprout::remake_clone<Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
 			}
 			template<typename InputIterator, typename Result, typename T, typename... Args>
 			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename std::enable_if<
diff --git a/sprout/algorithm/fixed/replace_copy_if.hpp b/sprout/algorithm/fixed/replace_copy_if.hpp
index 317021ef..e880822d 100644
--- a/sprout/algorithm/fixed/replace_copy_if.hpp
+++ b/sprout/algorithm/fixed/replace_copy_if.hpp
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<Result>::size_type input_size
 				)
 			{
-				return sprout::remake_clone<Result, Result>(
+				return sprout::remake_clone<Result>(
 					result,
 					sprout::size(result),
 					(Indexes >= offset && Indexes < offset + size && Indexes < offset + input_size
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				Args const&... args
 				)
 			{
-				return sprout::remake_clone<Result, Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
+				return sprout::remake_clone<Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
 			}
 			template<typename InputIterator, typename Result, typename T, typename Predicate, typename... Args>
 			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename std::enable_if<
diff --git a/sprout/algorithm/fixed/reverse_copy.hpp b/sprout/algorithm/fixed/reverse_copy.hpp
index d8403a4b..7bdfd1b1 100644
--- a/sprout/algorithm/fixed/reverse_copy.hpp
+++ b/sprout/algorithm/fixed/reverse_copy.hpp
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<Result>::size_type input_size
 				)
 			{
-				return sprout::remake_clone<Result, Result>(
+				return sprout::remake_clone<Result>(
 					result,
 					sprout::size(result),
 					(Indexes >= offset && Indexes < offset + size && Indexes < offset + input_size
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				Args const&... args
 				)
 			{
-				return sprout::remake_clone<Result, Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
+				return sprout::remake_clone<Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
 			}
 			template<typename BidirectionalIterator, typename Result, typename... Args>
 			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename std::enable_if<
diff --git a/sprout/algorithm/fixed/rotate_copy.hpp b/sprout/algorithm/fixed/rotate_copy.hpp
index 7ff31ce8..5563b4c1 100644
--- a/sprout/algorithm/fixed/rotate_copy.hpp
+++ b/sprout/algorithm/fixed/rotate_copy.hpp
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<Result>::size_type input_size
 				)
 			{
-				return sprout::remake_clone<Result, Result>(
+				return sprout::remake_clone<Result>(
 					result,
 					sprout::size(result),
 					(Indexes >= offset && Indexes < offset + size && Indexes < offset + input_size
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				Args const&... args
 				)
 			{
-				return sprout::remake_clone<Result, Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
+				return sprout::remake_clone<Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
 			}
 			template<typename ForwardIterator, typename Result, typename... Args>
 			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename std::enable_if<
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				Args const&... args
 				)
 			{
-				return sprout::remake_clone<Result, Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
+				return sprout::remake_clone<Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
 			}
 			template<typename ForwardIterator, typename Result, typename... Args>
 			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename std::enable_if<
diff --git a/sprout/algorithm/fixed/set_difference.hpp b/sprout/algorithm/fixed/set_difference.hpp
index 9604b6ba..0d07e281 100644
--- a/sprout/algorithm/fixed/set_difference.hpp
+++ b/sprout/algorithm/fixed/set_difference.hpp
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				Args const&... args
 				)
 			{
-				return sprout::remake_clone<Result, Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
+				return sprout::remake_clone<Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
 			}
 			template<typename InputIterator1, typename InputIterator2, typename Result, typename Compare, typename... Args>
 			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename std::enable_if<
diff --git a/sprout/algorithm/fixed/set_intersection.hpp b/sprout/algorithm/fixed/set_intersection.hpp
index 77d5d4a6..e82ab1b2 100644
--- a/sprout/algorithm/fixed/set_intersection.hpp
+++ b/sprout/algorithm/fixed/set_intersection.hpp
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				Args const&... args
 				)
 			{
-				return sprout::remake_clone<Result, Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
+				return sprout::remake_clone<Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
 			}
 			template<typename InputIterator1, typename InputIterator2, typename Result, typename Compare, typename... Args>
 			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename std::enable_if<
diff --git a/sprout/algorithm/fixed/set_symmetric_difference.hpp b/sprout/algorithm/fixed/set_symmetric_difference.hpp
index 838aba4f..2312e11b 100644
--- a/sprout/algorithm/fixed/set_symmetric_difference.hpp
+++ b/sprout/algorithm/fixed/set_symmetric_difference.hpp
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				Args const&... args
 				)
 			{
-				return sprout::remake_clone<Result, Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
+				return sprout::remake_clone<Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
 			}
 			template<typename InputIterator1, typename InputIterator2, typename Result, typename Compare, typename... Args>
 			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename std::enable_if<
diff --git a/sprout/algorithm/fixed/set_union.hpp b/sprout/algorithm/fixed/set_union.hpp
index 2a353d4a..a7f9dfc0 100644
--- a/sprout/algorithm/fixed/set_union.hpp
+++ b/sprout/algorithm/fixed/set_union.hpp
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				Args const&... args
 				)
 			{
-				return sprout::remake_clone<Result, Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
+				return sprout::remake_clone<Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
 			}
 			template<typename InputIterator1, typename InputIterator2, typename Result, typename Compare, typename... Args>
 			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename std::enable_if<
diff --git a/sprout/algorithm/fixed/shuffle.hpp b/sprout/algorithm/fixed/shuffle.hpp
index db9f4680..110537d3 100644
--- a/sprout/algorithm/fixed/shuffle.hpp
+++ b/sprout/algorithm/fixed/shuffle.hpp
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<Container>::size_type size
 				)
 			{
-				return sprout::remake_clone<Container, Container>(
+				return sprout::remake_clone<Container>(
 					cont,
 					sprout::size(cont),
 					(Indexes >= offset && Indexes < offset + size
diff --git a/sprout/algorithm/fixed/stable_partition_copy.hpp b/sprout/algorithm/fixed/stable_partition_copy.hpp
index 35c9d7fb..7a683043 100644
--- a/sprout/algorithm/fixed/stable_partition_copy.hpp
+++ b/sprout/algorithm/fixed/stable_partition_copy.hpp
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				Args const&... args
 				)
 			{
-				return sprout::remake_clone<Result, Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
+				return sprout::remake_clone<Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
 			}
 			template<typename BidirectionalIterator, typename Result, typename Predicate, typename... Args>
 			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename std::enable_if<
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				Args const&... args
 				)
 			{
-				return sprout::remake_clone<Result, Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
+				return sprout::remake_clone<Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
 			}
 			template<typename BidirectionalIterator, typename Result, typename Predicate, typename... Args>
 			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename std::enable_if<
diff --git a/sprout/algorithm/fixed/stable_sort.hpp b/sprout/algorithm/fixed/stable_sort.hpp
index dcbcb2dc..23d44612 100644
--- a/sprout/algorithm/fixed/stable_sort.hpp
+++ b/sprout/algorithm/fixed/stable_sort.hpp
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				Args const&... args
 				)
 			{
-				return sprout::remake_clone<Container, Container>(cont, sprout::size(cont), args...);
+				return sprout::remake_clone<Container>(cont, sprout::size(cont), args...);
 			}
 			template<typename Container, typename Compare, typename... Args>
 			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename std::enable_if<
diff --git a/sprout/algorithm/fixed/swap_element_copy.hpp b/sprout/algorithm/fixed/swap_element_copy.hpp
index fe0f3b43..5fc3a233 100644
--- a/sprout/algorithm/fixed/swap_element_copy.hpp
+++ b/sprout/algorithm/fixed/swap_element_copy.hpp
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<Result>::size_type input_size
 				)
 			{
-				return sprout::remake_clone<Result, Result>(
+				return sprout::remake_clone<Result>(
 					result,
 					sprout::size(result),
 					(Indexes >= offset && Indexes < offset + size && Indexes < offset + input_size
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				Args const&... args
 				)
 			{
-				return sprout::remake_clone<Result, Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
+				return sprout::remake_clone<Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
 			}
 			template<typename InputIterator, typename Result, typename... Args>
 			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename std::enable_if<
diff --git a/sprout/algorithm/fixed/transform.hpp b/sprout/algorithm/fixed/transform.hpp
index c59d809d..3b4c6c08 100644
--- a/sprout/algorithm/fixed/transform.hpp
+++ b/sprout/algorithm/fixed/transform.hpp
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<Result>::size_type input_size
 				)
 			{
-				return sprout::remake_clone<Result, Result>(
+				return sprout::remake_clone<Result>(
 					result,
 					sprout::size(result),
 					(Indexes >= offset && Indexes < offset + size && Indexes < offset + input_size
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				Args const&... args
 				)
 			{
-				return sprout::remake_clone<Result, Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
+				return sprout::remake_clone<Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
 			}
 			template<typename InputIterator, typename Result, typename UnaryOperation, typename... Args>
 			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename std::enable_if<
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<Result>::size_type input_size
 				)
 			{
-				return sprout::remake_clone<Result, Result>(
+				return sprout::remake_clone<Result>(
 					result,
 					sprout::size(result),
 					(Indexes >= offset && Indexes < offset + size && Indexes < offset + input_size
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				Args const&... args
 				)
 			{
-				return sprout::remake_clone<Result, Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
+				return sprout::remake_clone<Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
 			}
 			template<typename InputIterator1, typename InputIterator2, typename Result, typename BinaryOperation, typename... Args>
 			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename std::enable_if<
diff --git a/sprout/algorithm/fixed/unique_copy.hpp b/sprout/algorithm/fixed/unique_copy.hpp
index 3d0051b3..6c456569 100644
--- a/sprout/algorithm/fixed/unique_copy.hpp
+++ b/sprout/algorithm/fixed/unique_copy.hpp
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				Args const&... args
 				)
 			{
-				return sprout::remake_clone<Result, Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args..., head);
+				return sprout::remake_clone<Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args..., head);
 			}
 			template<typename InputIterator, typename Result, typename Head, typename... Args>
 			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename std::enable_if<
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				Args const&... args
 				)
 			{
-				return sprout::remake_clone<Result, Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args..., head);
+				return sprout::remake_clone<Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args..., head);
 			}
 			template<typename InputIterator, typename Result, typename BinaryPredicate, typename Head, typename... Args>
 			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename std::enable_if<
diff --git a/sprout/detail/container_complate.hpp b/sprout/detail/container_complate.hpp
index d67b087e..373531d0 100644
--- a/sprout/detail/container_complate.hpp
+++ b/sprout/detail/container_complate.hpp
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 			Args const&... args
 			)
 		{
-			return sprout::remake_clone<Result, Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
+			return sprout::remake_clone<Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
 		}
 		template<typename Result, typename... Args>
 		SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename std::enable_if<
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 			Args const&... args
 			)
 		{
-			return sprout::remake_clone<Result, Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
+			return sprout::remake_clone<Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
 		}
 		template<typename Result, typename... Args>
 		SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename std::enable_if<
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 			Args const&... args
 			)
 		{
-			return sprout::remake_clone<Result, Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
+			return sprout::remake_clone<Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
 		}
 		template<typename Result, typename... Args>
 		SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename std::enable_if<
diff --git a/sprout/detail/container_complate_backward.hpp b/sprout/detail/container_complate_backward.hpp
index 23174f1a..56718c87 100644
--- a/sprout/detail/container_complate_backward.hpp
+++ b/sprout/detail/container_complate_backward.hpp
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 			Args const&... args
 			)
 		{
-			return sprout::remake_clone<Result, Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
+			return sprout::remake_clone<Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
 		}
 		template<typename Result, typename... Args>
 		SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename std::enable_if<
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 			Args const&... args
 			)
 		{
-			return sprout::remake_clone<Result, Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
+			return sprout::remake_clone<Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
 		}
 		template<typename Result, typename... Args>
 		SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename std::enable_if<
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 			Args const&... args
 			)
 		{
-			return sprout::remake_clone<Result, Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
+			return sprout::remake_clone<Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
 		}
 		template<typename Result, typename... Args>
 		SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename std::enable_if<
diff --git a/sprout/fixed_container/clone.hpp b/sprout/fixed_container/clone.hpp
index fcc1980b..184fe3e7 100644
--- a/sprout/fixed_container/clone.hpp
+++ b/sprout/fixed_container/clone.hpp
@@ -1,28 +1,21 @@
 #ifndef SPROUT_FIXED_CONTAINER_CLONE_HPP
 #define SPROUT_FIXED_CONTAINER_CLONE_HPP
 
+#include <type_traits>
 #include <sprout/config.hpp>
 #include <sprout/fixed_container/traits.hpp>
+#include <sprout/utility/forward.hpp>
 
 namespace sprout {
 	//
 	// clone
 	//
 	template<typename Container>
-	inline typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<Container>::clone_type clone(Container& cont) {
-		return sprout::clone_functor<Container>().template operator()(cont);
-	}
-	template<typename Container, typename... Args>
-	SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<Container>::clone_type clone(Container const& cont) {
-		return sprout::clone_functor<Container>().template operator()(cont);
-	}
-
-	//
-	// cclone
-	//
-	template<typename Container>
-	SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<Container>::clone_type cclone(Container const& cont) {
-		return sprout::clone_functor<Container>().template operator()(cont);
+	SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<
+		typename std::remove_reference<Container>::type
+	>::clone_type clone(Container&& cont) {
+		typedef typename std::decay<Container>::type container_type;
+		return sprout::clone_functor<container_type>().template operator()(sprout::forward<Container>(cont));
 	}
 }	// namespace sprout
 
diff --git a/sprout/fixed_container/get_fixed.hpp b/sprout/fixed_container/get_fixed.hpp
index 21d6906b..bb1a6096 100644
--- a/sprout/fixed_container/get_fixed.hpp
+++ b/sprout/fixed_container/get_fixed.hpp
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 	//
 	template<typename Container>
 	SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<Container>::fixed_container_type const& get_cfixed(Container const& cont) {
-		return sprout::get_fixed_functor<Container>()(cont);
+		return sprout::get_fixed_functor<Container>().template operator()(cont);
 	}
 
 	//
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 	//
 	template<typename Container>
 	SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<Container>::fixed_container_type get_fixed_copy(Container const& cont) {
-		return sprout::get_fixed_functor<Container>()(cont);
+		return sprout::get_fixed_functor<Container>().template operator()(cont);
 	}
 }	// namespace sprout
 
diff --git a/sprout/fixed_container/make_clone.hpp b/sprout/fixed_container/make_clone.hpp
index 1a4bd272..6076a231 100644
--- a/sprout/fixed_container/make_clone.hpp
+++ b/sprout/fixed_container/make_clone.hpp
@@ -1,16 +1,21 @@
 #ifndef SPROUT_FIXED_CONTAINER_MAKE_CLONE_HPP
 #define SPROUT_FIXED_CONTAINER_MAKE_CLONE_HPP
 
+#include <type_traits>
 #include <sprout/config.hpp>
 #include <sprout/fixed_container/traits.hpp>
+#include <sprout/utility/forward.hpp>
 
 namespace sprout {
 	//
 	// make_clone
 	//
 	template<typename Container, typename... Args>
-	SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<Container>::clone_type make_clone(Args const&... args) {
-		return sprout::make_clone_functor<Container>().template operator()(args...);
+	SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<
+		typename std::remove_reference<Container>::type
+	>::clone_type make_clone(Args&&... args) {
+		typedef typename std::remove_reference<Container>::type container_type;
+		return sprout::make_clone_functor<container_type>().template operator()(sprout::forward<Args>(args)...);
 	}
 }	// namespace sprout
 
diff --git a/sprout/fixed_container/remake_clone.hpp b/sprout/fixed_container/remake_clone.hpp
index 14a96dc6..d0f5e020 100644
--- a/sprout/fixed_container/remake_clone.hpp
+++ b/sprout/fixed_container/remake_clone.hpp
@@ -1,43 +1,30 @@
 #ifndef SPROUT_FIXED_CONTAINER_REMAKE_CLONE_HPP
 #define SPROUT_FIXED_CONTAINER_REMAKE_CLONE_HPP
 
+#include <type_traits>
 #include <sprout/config.hpp>
 #include <sprout/fixed_container/traits.hpp>
+#include <sprout/utility/forward.hpp>
 
 namespace sprout {
 	//
 	// remake_clone
 	//
 	template<typename Container, typename Other, typename... Args>
-	inline typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<Container>::clone_type remake_clone(
-		Other& other,
+	SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<
+		typename std::remove_reference<Container>::type
+	>::clone_type remake_clone(
+		Other&& other,
 		typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<Container>::difference_type size,
-		Args const&... args
+		Args&&... args
 		)
 	{
-		return sprout::remake_clone_functor<Container>().template operator()(other, size, args...);
-	}
-	template<typename Container, typename Other, typename... Args>
-	SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<Container>::clone_type remake_clone(
-		Other const& other,
-		typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<Container>::difference_type size,
-		Args const&... args
-		)
-	{
-		return sprout::remake_clone_functor<Container>().template operator()(other, size, args...);
-	}
-
-	//
-	// remake_cclone
-	//
-	template<typename Container, typename Other, typename... Args>
-	SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<Container>::clone_type remake_cclone(
-		Other const& other,
-		typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<Container>::difference_type size,
-		Args const&... args
-		)
-	{
-		return sprout::remake_clone_functor<Container>().template operator()(other, size, args...);
+		typedef typename std::remove_reference<Container>::type container_type;
+		return sprout::remake_clone_functor<container_type>().template operator()(
+			sprout::forward<Other>(other),
+			size,
+			sprout::forward<Args>(args)...
+			);
 	}
 }	// namespace sprout
 
diff --git a/sprout/fixed_container/traits.hpp b/sprout/fixed_container/traits.hpp
index 8b73646a..a732570d 100644
--- a/sprout/fixed_container/traits.hpp
+++ b/sprout/fixed_container/traits.hpp
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include <array>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <sprout/config.hpp>
+#include <sprout/utility/forward.hpp>
 
 namespace sprout {
 	namespace detail {
@@ -114,6 +115,10 @@ namespace sprout {
 			return cont;
 		}
 	};
+	template<typename Container>
+	struct get_fixed_functor<Container const>
+		: public sprout::get_fixed_functor<Container>
+	{};
 
 	//
 	// clone_functor
@@ -121,13 +126,15 @@ namespace sprout {
 	template<typename Container>
 	struct clone_functor {
 	public:
-		typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<Container>::clone_type operator()(Container& cont) const {
-			return typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<Container>::clone_type(cont);
-		}
-		SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<Container>::clone_type operator()(Container const& cont) const {
-			return typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<Container>::clone_type(cont);
+		template<typename Other>
+		SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<Container>::clone_type operator()(Other&& cont) const {
+			return typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<Container>::clone_type(sprout::forward<Other>(cont));
 		}
 	};
+	template<typename Container>
+	struct clone_functor<Container const>
+		: public sprout::clone_functor<Container>
+	{};
 
 	//
 	// make_clone_functor
@@ -136,10 +143,14 @@ namespace sprout {
 	struct make_clone_functor {
 	public:
 		template<typename... Args>
-		SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<Container>::clone_type operator()(Args const&... args) const {
-			return typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<Container>::clone_type{{args...}};
+		SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<Container>::clone_type operator()(Args&&... args) const {
+			return typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<Container>::clone_type{{sprout::forward<Args>(args)...}};
 		}
 	};
+	template<typename Container>
+	struct make_clone_functor<Container const>
+		: public sprout::make_clone_functor<Container>
+	{};
 
 	//
 	// remake_clone_functor
@@ -147,25 +158,20 @@ namespace sprout {
 	template<typename Container>
 	struct remake_clone_functor {
 	public:
-		template<typename Other, typename... Args>
-		typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<Container>::clone_type operator()(
-			Other& other,
-			typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<Container>::difference_type size,
-			Args const&... args
-			) const
-		{
-			return sprout::make_clone_functor<Container>().template operator()(args...);
-		}
 		template<typename Other, typename... Args>
 		SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<Container>::clone_type operator()(
-			Other const& other,
+			Other&& other,
 			typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<Container>::difference_type size,
-			Args const&... args
+			Args&&... args
 			) const
 		{
-			return sprout::make_clone_functor<Container>().template operator()(args...);
+			return sprout::make_clone_functor<Container>().template operator()(sprout::forward<Args>(args)...);
 		}
 	};
+	template<typename Container>
+	struct remake_clone_functor<Container const>
+		: public sprout::remake_clone_functor<Container>
+	{};
 }	// namespace sprout
 
 #endif	// #ifndef SPROUT_FIXED_CONTAINER_TRAITS_HPP
diff --git a/sprout/numeric/fixed/adjacent_difference.hpp b/sprout/numeric/fixed/adjacent_difference.hpp
index 62ed286b..84cdb64b 100644
--- a/sprout/numeric/fixed/adjacent_difference.hpp
+++ b/sprout/numeric/fixed/adjacent_difference.hpp
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				Args const&... args
 				)
 			{
-				return sprout::remake_clone<Result, Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
+				return sprout::remake_clone<Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
 			}
 			template<typename Result, typename... Args>
 			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename std::enable_if<
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				Args const&... args
 				)
 			{
-				return sprout::remake_clone<Result, Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
+				return sprout::remake_clone<Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
 			}
 			template<typename InputIterator, typename Result, typename... Args>
 			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename std::enable_if<
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				Args const&... args
 				)
 			{
-				return sprout::remake_clone<Result, Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
+				return sprout::remake_clone<Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
 			}
 			template<typename InputIterator, typename Result, typename... Args>
 			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename std::enable_if<
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				Args const&... args
 				)
 			{
-				return sprout::remake_clone<Result, Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
+				return sprout::remake_clone<Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
 			}
 			template<typename Result, typename BinaryOperation, typename... Args>
 			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename std::enable_if<
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				Args const&... args
 				)
 			{
-				return sprout::remake_clone<Result, Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
+				return sprout::remake_clone<Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
 			}
 			template<typename InputIterator, typename Result, typename BinaryOperation, typename... Args>
 			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename std::enable_if<
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				Args const&... args
 				)
 			{
-				return sprout::remake_clone<Result, Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
+				return sprout::remake_clone<Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
 			}
 			template<typename InputIterator, typename Result, typename BinaryOperation, typename... Args>
 			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename std::enable_if<
diff --git a/sprout/numeric/fixed/iota.hpp b/sprout/numeric/fixed/iota.hpp
index 8b7634a5..f47f5550 100644
--- a/sprout/numeric/fixed/iota.hpp
+++ b/sprout/numeric/fixed/iota.hpp
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<Container>::size_type size
 				)
 			{
-				return sprout::remake_clone<Container, Container>(
+				return sprout::remake_clone<Container>(
 					cont,
 					sprout::size(cont),
 					(Indexes >= offset && Indexes < offset + size
diff --git a/sprout/numeric/fixed/partial_sum.hpp b/sprout/numeric/fixed/partial_sum.hpp
index 502627be..0005e127 100644
--- a/sprout/numeric/fixed/partial_sum.hpp
+++ b/sprout/numeric/fixed/partial_sum.hpp
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				Args const&... args
 				)
 			{
-				return sprout::remake_clone<Result, Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
+				return sprout::remake_clone<Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
 			}
 			template<typename Result, typename... Args>
 			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename std::enable_if<
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				Args const&... args
 				)
 			{
-				return sprout::remake_clone<Result, Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
+				return sprout::remake_clone<Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
 			}
 			template<typename InputIterator, typename Result, typename... Args>
 			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename std::enable_if<
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				Args const&... args
 				)
 			{
-				return sprout::remake_clone<Result, Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
+				return sprout::remake_clone<Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
 			}
 			template<typename InputIterator, typename Result, typename... Args>
 			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename std::enable_if<
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				Args const&... args
 				)
 			{
-				return sprout::remake_clone<Result, Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
+				return sprout::remake_clone<Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
 			}
 			template<typename Result, typename BinaryOperation, typename... Args>
 			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename std::enable_if<
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				Args const&... args
 				)
 			{
-				return sprout::remake_clone<Result, Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
+				return sprout::remake_clone<Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
 			}
 			template<typename InputIterator, typename Result, typename BinaryOperation, typename... Args>
 			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename std::enable_if<
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				Args const&... args
 				)
 			{
-				return sprout::remake_clone<Result, Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
+				return sprout::remake_clone<Result>(result, sprout::size(result), args...);
 			}
 			template<typename InputIterator, typename Result, typename BinaryOperation, typename... Args>
 			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR inline typename std::enable_if<
diff --git a/sprout/operation/fixed/append.hpp b/sprout/operation/fixed/append.hpp
index 7bfee9c6..3f00b028 100644
--- a/sprout/operation/fixed/append.hpp
+++ b/sprout/operation/fixed/append.hpp
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				Input const& input
 				)
 			{
-				return sprout::remake_clone<Result, Container>(
+				return sprout::remake_clone<Result>(
 					cont,
 					sprout::size(cont) + sprout::size(input),
 					(Indexes < sprout::fixed_container_traits<Container>::fixed_size + size
diff --git a/sprout/operation/fixed/erase.hpp b/sprout/operation/fixed/erase.hpp
index 4a14da6a..f13c889e 100644
--- a/sprout/operation/fixed/erase.hpp
+++ b/sprout/operation/fixed/erase.hpp
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<Container>::difference_type pos
 				)
 			{
-				return sprout::remake_clone<Result, Container>(
+				return sprout::remake_clone<Result>(
 					cont,
 					sprout::size(cont) - 1,
 					(Indexes < sprout::fixed_container_traits<Container>::fixed_size - 1
diff --git a/sprout/operation/fixed/erase_n.hpp b/sprout/operation/fixed/erase_n.hpp
index fc672814..2df92093 100644
--- a/sprout/operation/fixed/erase_n.hpp
+++ b/sprout/operation/fixed/erase_n.hpp
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<Container>::difference_type pos
 				)
 			{
-				return sprout::remake_clone<Result, Container>(
+				return sprout::remake_clone<Result>(
 					cont,
 					sprout::size(cont) - N,
 					(Indexes < sprout::fixed_container_traits<Container>::fixed_size - N
diff --git a/sprout/operation/fixed/insert.hpp b/sprout/operation/fixed/insert.hpp
index 78a1efe9..5e59b4e1 100644
--- a/sprout/operation/fixed/insert.hpp
+++ b/sprout/operation/fixed/insert.hpp
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				Values const&... values
 				)
 			{
-				return sprout::remake_clone<Result, Container>(
+				return sprout::remake_clone<Result>(
 					cont,
 					sprout::size(cont) + 1 + sizeof...(Values),
 					(Indexes < sprout::fixed_container_traits<Container>::fixed_size + 1 + sizeof...(Values)
diff --git a/sprout/operation/fixed/insert_n.hpp b/sprout/operation/fixed/insert_n.hpp
index 7a25837f..c0572ebd 100644
--- a/sprout/operation/fixed/insert_n.hpp
+++ b/sprout/operation/fixed/insert_n.hpp
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				Values const&... values
 				)
 			{
-				return sprout::remake_clone<Result, Container>(
+				return sprout::remake_clone<Result>(
 					cont,
 					sprout::size(cont) + (1 + sizeof...(Values)) * N,
 					(Indexes < sprout::fixed_container_traits<Container>::fixed_size + (1 + sizeof...(Values)) * N
diff --git a/sprout/operation/fixed/set.hpp b/sprout/operation/fixed/set.hpp
index 5857a284..f2a03879 100644
--- a/sprout/operation/fixed/set.hpp
+++ b/sprout/operation/fixed/set.hpp
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 				T const& v
 				)
 			{
-				return sprout::remake_clone<Result, Container>(
+				return sprout::remake_clone<Result>(
 					cont,
 					sprout::size(cont),
 					(Indexes != pos
diff --git a/sprout/pit.hpp b/sprout/pit.hpp
index 4a5a4b91..e61b5816 100644
--- a/sprout/pit.hpp
+++ b/sprout/pit.hpp
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #include <sprout/fixed_container/functions.hpp>
 #include <sprout/iterator.hpp>
 #include <sprout/iterator/value_iterator.hpp>
+#include <sprout/utility/forward.hpp>
 
 namespace sprout {
 	//
@@ -216,10 +217,8 @@ namespace sprout {
 	private:
 		typedef typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<sprout::pit<Container> >::clone_type clone_type;
 	public:
-		clone_type operator()(sprout::pit<Container>& cont) const {
-			return clone_type();
-		}
-		SPROUT_CONSTEXPR clone_type operator()(sprout::pit<Container> const& cont) const {
+		template<typename Other>
+		SPROUT_CONSTEXPR clone_type operator()(Other&& cont) const {
 			return clone_type();
 		}
 	};
@@ -234,8 +233,8 @@ namespace sprout {
 		typedef typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<sprout::pit<Container> >::internal_type internal_type;
 	public:
 		template<typename... Args>
-		SPROUT_CONSTEXPR clone_type operator()(Args const&... args) const {
-			return sprout::make_clone<internal_type>(args...);
+		SPROUT_CONSTEXPR clone_type operator()(Args&&... args) const {
+			return sprout::make_clone<internal_type>(sprout::forward<Args>(args)...);
 		}
 	};
 
@@ -248,23 +247,14 @@ namespace sprout {
 		typedef typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<sprout::pit<Container> >::clone_type clone_type;
 		typedef typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<sprout::pit<Container> >::internal_type internal_type;
 	public:
-		template<typename Other, typename... Args>
-		clone_type operator()(
-			Other& other,
-			typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<sprout::pit<Container> >::difference_type size,
-			Args const&... args
-			) const
-		{
-			return sprout::remake_clone<internal_type, Other>(other, size, args...);
-		}
 		template<typename Other, typename... Args>
 		SPROUT_CONSTEXPR clone_type operator()(
-			Other const& other,
+			Other&& other,
 			typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<sprout::pit<Container> >::difference_type size,
-			Args const&... args
+			Args&&... args
 			) const
 		{
-			return sprout::remake_clone<internal_type, Other>(other, size, args...);
+			return sprout::remake_clone<internal_type>(sprout::forward<Other>(other), size, sprout::forward<Args>(args)...);
 		}
 	};
 }	// namespace sprout
diff --git a/sprout/string.hpp b/sprout/string.hpp
index a0b9ecae..806c12c9 100644
--- a/sprout/string.hpp
+++ b/sprout/string.hpp
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 #include <sprout/operation/fixed/append_back.hpp>
 #include <sprout/operation/fixed/append_front.hpp>
 #include <sprout/iterator.hpp>
+#include <sprout/utility/forward.hpp>
 #include HDR_ALGORITHM_SSCRISK_CEL_OR_SPROUT_DETAIL
 #if SPROUT_USE_INDEX_ITERATOR_IMPLEMENTATION
 #	include <algorithm>
@@ -746,31 +747,31 @@ namespace sprout {
 			static SPROUT_CONSTEXPR clone_type make_impl(typename clone_type::size_type size) {
 				return clone_type{{}, size};
 			}
-			template<std::size_t S, typename... Args>
+			template<std::size_t S, typename Head, typename... Tail>
 			static SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
-				S != sizeof...(Args),
+				S == sizeof...(Tail),
 				clone_type
-			>::type make_impl(typename clone_type::size_type size, T const& head, Args const&... tail) {
-				return make_impl<S + 1>(size, tail..., S < size ? head : T());
+			>::type make_impl(typename clone_type::size_type size, Head&& head, Tail&&... tail) {
+				return clone_type{{sprout::forward<Tail>(tail)..., sprout::forward<Head>(head)}, size};
 			}
-			template<std::size_t S, typename... Args>
+			template<std::size_t S, typename Head, typename... Tail>
 			static SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
-				S == sizeof...(Args),
+				S != sizeof...(Tail),
 				clone_type
-			>::type make_impl(typename clone_type::size_type size, T const& head, Args const&... tail) {
-				return clone_type{{tail..., head}, size};
+			>::type make_impl(typename clone_type::size_type size, Head&& head, Tail&&... tail) {
+				return make_impl<S + 1>(size, sprout::forward<Tail>(tail)..., S >= size ? T() : sprout::forward<Head>(head));
 			}
 		public:
 			static SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename clone_type::size_type length() {
 				return 0;
 			}
 			template<typename... Tail>
-			static SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename clone_type::size_type length(T const& head, Tail const&... tail) {
-				return !head ? 0 : 1 + length(tail...);
+			static SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename clone_type::size_type length(T const& head, Tail&&... tail) {
+				return !head ? 0 : 1 + length(sprout::forward<Tail>(tail)...);
 			}
 			template<typename... Args>
-			static SPROUT_CONSTEXPR clone_type make(typename clone_type::size_type size, Args const&... args) {
-				return make_impl<0>(size, args...);
+			static SPROUT_CONSTEXPR clone_type make(typename clone_type::size_type size, Args&&... args) {
+				return make_impl<0>(size, sprout::forward<Args>(args)...);
 			}
 		};
 	}	// namespace detail
@@ -785,8 +786,8 @@ namespace sprout {
 		typedef sprout::detail::make_clone_functor_impl<container_type> impl_type;
 	public:
 		template<typename... Args>
-		SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<container_type>::clone_type operator()(Args const&... args) const {
-			return impl_type::make(impl_type::length(args...), args...);
+		SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<container_type>::clone_type operator()(Args&&... args) const {
+			return impl_type::make(impl_type::length(sprout::forward<Args>(args)...), sprout::forward<Args>(args)...);
 		}
 	};
 
@@ -801,21 +802,12 @@ namespace sprout {
 	public:
 		template<typename Other, typename... Args>
 		SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<container_type>::clone_type operator()(
-			Other& other,
+			Other&& other,
 			typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<container_type>::difference_type size,
-			Args const&... args
+			Args&&... args
 			) const
 		{
-			return impl_type::make(size, args...);
-		}
-		template<typename Other, typename... Args>
-		SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<container_type>::clone_type operator()(
-			Other const& other,
-			typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<container_type>::difference_type size,
-			Args const&... args
-			) const
-		{
-			return impl_type::make(size, args...);
+			return impl_type::make(size, sprout::forward<Args>(args)...);
 		}
 	};
 
diff --git a/sprout/sub_array.hpp b/sprout/sub_array.hpp
index 97153f71..0a047897 100644
--- a/sprout/sub_array.hpp
+++ b/sprout/sub_array.hpp
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #include <sprout/fixed_container/traits.hpp>
 #include <sprout/fixed_container/functions.hpp>
 #include <sprout/iterator/operation.hpp>
+#include <sprout/utility/forward.hpp>
 #include <sprout/detail/if.hpp>
 #include HDR_ALGORITHM_SSCRISK_CEL_OR_SPROUT_DETAIL
 #include HDR_ITERATOR_SSCRISK_CEL_OR_SPROUT_DETAIL
@@ -486,12 +487,28 @@ namespace sprout {
 	struct clone_functor<sprout::sub_array<Container> > {
 	private:
 		typedef typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<sprout::sub_array<Container> >::clone_type clone_type;
-	public:
-		clone_type operator()(sprout::sub_array<Container>& cont) const {
-			return clone_type(sprout::clone(sprout::get_fixed(cont)), sprout::fixed_begin_offset(cont), sprout::fixed_end_offset(cont));
+	private:
+		template<typename Other>
+		SPROUT_CONSTEXPR clone_type make(
+			Other&& cont,
+			typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<sprout::sub_array<Container> >::difference_type first,
+			typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<sprout::sub_array<Container> >::difference_type last
+			) const
+		{
+			return clone_type(
+				sprout::clone(sprout::get_fixed(sprout::forward<Other>(cont))),
+				first,
+				last
+				);
 		}
-		SPROUT_CONSTEXPR clone_type operator()(sprout::sub_array<Container> const& cont) const {
-			return clone_type(sprout::clone(sprout::get_fixed(cont)), sprout::fixed_begin_offset(cont), sprout::fixed_end_offset(cont));
+	public:
+		template<typename Other>
+		SPROUT_CONSTEXPR clone_type operator()(Other&& cont) const {
+			return make(
+				sprout::forward<Other>(cont),
+				sprout::fixed_begin_offset(cont),
+				sprout::fixed_end_offset(cont)
+				);
 		}
 	};
 
@@ -509,8 +526,8 @@ namespace sprout {
 		}
 	public:
 		template<typename... Args>
-		SPROUT_CONSTEXPR clone_type operator()(Args const&... args) const {
-			return make(sprout::make_clone<internal_type>(args...));
+		SPROUT_CONSTEXPR clone_type operator()(Args&&... args) const {
+			return make(sprout::make_clone<internal_type>(sprout::forward<Args>(args)...));
 		}
 	};
 
@@ -523,22 +540,9 @@ namespace sprout {
 		typedef typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<sprout::sub_array<Container> >::clone_type clone_type;
 		typedef typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<sprout::sub_array<Container> >::internal_type internal_type;
 	private:
-		template<typename Other>
-		clone_type remake(
-			Other& other,
-			typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<sprout::sub_array<Container> >::difference_type size,
-			typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<internal_type>::clone_type const& cloned
-			) const
-		{
-			return clone_type(
-				cloned,
-				sprout::next(sprout::begin(cloned), sprout::fixed_begin_offset(other)),
-				sprout::next(sprout::begin(cloned), sprout::fixed_begin_offset(other) + size)
-				);
-		}
 		template<typename Other>
 		SPROUT_CONSTEXPR clone_type remake(
-			Other const& other,
+			Other&& other,
 			typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<sprout::sub_array<Container> >::difference_type size,
 			typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<internal_type>::clone_type const& cloned
 			) const
@@ -550,23 +554,18 @@ namespace sprout {
 				);
 		}
 	public:
-		template<typename Other, typename... Args>
-		clone_type operator()(
-			Other& other,
-			typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<sprout::sub_array<Container> >::difference_type size,
-			Args const&... args
-			) const
-		{
-			return remake(other, size, sprout::make_clone<internal_type>(args...));
-		}
 		template<typename Other, typename... Args>
 		SPROUT_CONSTEXPR clone_type operator()(
-			Other const& other,
+			Other&& other,
 			typename sprout::fixed_container_traits<sprout::sub_array<Container> >::difference_type size,
-			Args const&... args
+			Args&&... args
 			) const
 		{
-			return remake(other, size, sprout::make_clone<internal_type>(args...));
+			return remake(
+				sprout::forward<Other>(other),
+				size,
+				sprout::make_clone<internal_type>(sprout::forward<Args>(args)...)
+				);
 		}
 	};