diff --git a/sprout/brainfuck/brainfuck.hpp b/sprout/brainfuck/brainfuck.hpp
index f5811149..8b4317c0 100644
--- a/sprout/brainfuck/brainfuck.hpp
+++ b/sprout/brainfuck/brainfuck.hpp
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #include <sprout/algorithm/fixed/result_of.hpp>
 #include <sprout/algorithm/fixed/copy.hpp>
 #include <sprout/operation/fixed/set.hpp>
+#include HDR_ALGORITHM_SSCRISK_CEL_OR_SPROUT
 
 namespace sprout {
 	namespace brainfuck {
@@ -68,7 +69,12 @@ namespace sprout {
 			{
 				typedef typename std::iterator_traits<SourceBidirectionalIterator>::value_type value_type;
 				typedef typename sprout::container_traits<OutputBuffer>::value_type out_value_type;
-				return first == last ? sprout::fixed::copy(out_buffer.begin(), out_buffer.end(), output)
+				return first == last
+					? sprout::fixed::copy(
+						sprout::begin(out_buffer),
+						sprout::next(sprout::begin(out_buffer), NS_SSCRISK_CEL_OR_SPROUT::min(out_pos, sprout::size(out_buffer))),
+						output
+						)
 					: *first == value_type('>')
 						? sprout::brainfuck::detail::exec_impl(
 							sprout::next(first), last, output, in_first, in_last,
diff --git a/sprout/iterator/alternate_iterator.hpp b/sprout/iterator/alternate_iterator.hpp
index 25d5fd5a..3c44cb55 100644
--- a/sprout/iterator/alternate_iterator.hpp
+++ b/sprout/iterator/alternate_iterator.hpp
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 #include <sprout/iterator/distance.hpp>
 #include <sprout/iterator/type_traits/common.hpp>
 #include <sprout/utility/swap.hpp>
-#include <sprout/type_traits/arithmetic_promote.hpp>
+#include <sprout/utility/limited.hpp>
 #include HDR_ITERATOR_SSCRISK_CEL_OR_SPROUT
 
 namespace sprout {
@@ -242,7 +242,10 @@ namespace sprout {
 		sprout::alternate_iterator<LIterator2, RIterator2> const& rhs
 		)
 	{
-		return lhs.base() - rhs.base() + (lhs.is_in_left() ? (rhs.is_in_left() ? 0 : 1) : (rhs.is_in_left() ? 1 : 0));
+		return sprout::limited::plus(
+			sprout::limited::multiplies(lhs.base() - rhs.base(), 2),
+			lhs.is_in_left() ? (rhs.is_in_left() ? 0 : 1) : (rhs.is_in_left() ? 1 : 0)
+			);
 	}
 	template<typename LIterator, typename RIterator>
 	inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR sprout::alternate_iterator<LIterator, RIterator> operator+(
diff --git a/sprout/range/adaptor/copied.hpp b/sprout/range/adaptor/copied.hpp
index ac36810b..740845fc 100644
--- a/sprout/range/adaptor/copied.hpp
+++ b/sprout/range/adaptor/copied.hpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 #include <sprout/container/traits.hpp>
 #include <sprout/container/functions.hpp>
 #include <sprout/algorithm/fixed/result_of.hpp>
-#include <sprout/range/range_container.hpp>
+#include <sprout/range/adaptor/detail/adapted_range_default.hpp>
 #include <sprout/range/algorithm/copy.hpp>
 #include <sprout/type_traits/lvalue_reference.hpp>
 #include <sprout/utility/forward.hpp>
@@ -21,17 +21,11 @@ namespace sprout {
 		//
 		template<typename Range>
 		class copied_range
-			: public sprout::range::range_container<
-				typename sprout::container_traits<Range>::iterator
-			>
-			, public sprout::detail::container_nosy_static_size<Range>
-			, public sprout::detail::container_nosy_fixed_size<Range>
+			: public sprout::adaptors::detail::adapted_range_default<Range>
 		{
 		public:
-			typedef Range range_type;
-			typedef sprout::range::range_container<
-				typename sprout::container_traits<Range>::iterator
-			> base_type;
+			typedef sprout::adaptors::detail::adapted_range_default<Range> base_type;
+			typedef typename base_type::range_type range_type;
 		public:
 			copied_range() = default;
 			copied_range(copied_range const&) = default;
@@ -111,28 +105,9 @@ namespace sprout {
 	// container_construct_traits
 	//
 	template<typename Range>
-	struct container_construct_traits<sprout::adaptors::copied_range<Range> > {
-	public:
-		typedef typename sprout::container_construct_traits<Range>::copied_type copied_type;
-	public:
-		template<typename Cont>
-		static SPROUT_CONSTEXPR copied_type deep_copy(Cont&& cont) {
-			return sprout::range::fixed::copy(sprout::forward<Cont>(cont), sprout::pit<copied_type>());
-		}
-		template<typename... Args>
-		static SPROUT_CONSTEXPR copied_type make(Args&&... args) {
-			return sprout::make<copied_type>(sprout::forward<Args>(args)...);
-		}
-		template<typename Cont, typename... Args>
-		static SPROUT_CONSTEXPR copied_type remake(
-			Cont&& cont,
-			typename sprout::container_traits<sprout::adaptors::copied_range<Range> >::difference_type size,
-			Args&&... args
-			)
-		{
-			return sprout::remake<copied_type>(sprout::forward<Cont>(cont), size, sprout::forward<Args>(args)...);
-		}
-	};
+	struct container_construct_traits<sprout::adaptors::copied_range<Range> >
+		: public sprout::container_construct_traits<typename sprout::adaptors::copied_range<Range>::base_type>
+	{};
 }	// namespace sprout
 
 #endif	// #ifndef SPROUT_RANGE_ADAPTOR_COPIED_HPP
diff --git a/sprout/range/adaptor/detail/adapted_range_default.hpp b/sprout/range/adaptor/detail/adapted_range_default.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..dbbdc4a5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sprout/range/adaptor/detail/adapted_range_default.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+#ifndef SPROUT_RANGE_ADAPTOR_DETAIL_ADAPTED_RANGE_DEFAULT_HPP
+#define SPROUT_RANGE_ADAPTOR_DETAIL_ADAPTED_RANGE_DEFAULT_HPP
+
+#include <sprout/config.hpp>
+#include <sprout/pit.hpp>
+#include <sprout/container/traits.hpp>
+#include <sprout/container/functions.hpp>
+#include <sprout/range/range_container.hpp>
+#include <sprout/range/algorithm/copy.hpp>
+#include <sprout/utility/forward.hpp>
+
+namespace sprout {
+	namespace adaptors {
+		namespace detail {
+			template<typename Range, typename Iterator = typename sprout::container_traits<Range>::iterator>
+			class adapted_range_default
+				: public sprout::range::range_container<Iterator>
+				, public sprout::detail::container_nosy_static_size<Range>
+				, public sprout::detail::container_nosy_fixed_size<Range>
+			{
+			public:
+				typedef Range range_type;
+				typedef sprout::range::range_container<Iterator> base_type;
+				typedef typename base_type::iterator iterator;
+			public:
+				adapted_range_default() = default;
+				adapted_range_default(adapted_range_default const&) = default;
+				explicit SPROUT_CONSTEXPR adapted_range_default(iterator const& first, iterator const& last)
+					: base_type(first, last)
+				{}
+			};
+		}	// namespace detail
+	}	// namespace adaptors
+
+	//
+	// container_construct_traits
+	//
+	template<typename Range, typename Iterator>
+	struct container_construct_traits<sprout::adaptors::detail::adapted_range_default<Range, Iterator> > {
+	public:
+		typedef typename sprout::container_construct_traits<Range>::copied_type copied_type;
+	public:
+		template<typename Cont>
+		static SPROUT_CONSTEXPR copied_type deep_copy(Cont&& cont) {
+			return sprout::range::fixed::copy(sprout::forward<Cont>(cont), sprout::pit<copied_type>());
+		}
+		template<typename... Args>
+		static SPROUT_CONSTEXPR copied_type make(Args&&... args) {
+			return sprout::make<copied_type>(sprout::forward<Args>(args)...);
+		}
+		template<typename Cont, typename... Args>
+		static SPROUT_CONSTEXPR copied_type remake(
+			Cont&& cont,
+			typename sprout::container_traits<sprout::adaptors::detail::adapted_range_default<Range> >::difference_type size,
+			Args&&... args
+			)
+		{
+			return sprout::remake<copied_type>(sprout::forward<Cont>(cont), size, sprout::forward<Args>(args)...);
+		}
+	};
+}	// namespace sprout
+
+#endif	// #ifndef SPROUT_RANGE_ADAPTOR_DETAIL_ADAPTED_RANGE_DEFAULT_HPP
diff --git a/sprout/range/adaptor/dropped.hpp b/sprout/range/adaptor/dropped.hpp
index 6b8dbe8d..8278d075 100644
--- a/sprout/range/adaptor/dropped.hpp
+++ b/sprout/range/adaptor/dropped.hpp
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 #include <sprout/container/traits.hpp>
 #include <sprout/container/functions.hpp>
 #include <sprout/iterator/next.hpp>
-#include <sprout/range/range_container.hpp>
+#include <sprout/range/adaptor/detail/adapted_range_default.hpp>
 #include <sprout/type_traits/lvalue_reference.hpp>
 #include <sprout/utility/lvalue_forward.hpp>
 #include HDR_ALGORITHM_SSCRISK_CEL_OR_SPROUT
@@ -54,15 +54,15 @@ namespace sprout {
 		// operator|
 		//
 		template<typename Range, typename Difference>
-		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR sprout::range::range_container<
-			typename sprout::container_traits<typename std::remove_reference<typename sprout::lvalue_reference<Range>::type>::type>::iterator
+		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR sprout::adaptors::detail::adapted_range_default<
+			typename std::remove_reference<typename sprout::lvalue_reference<Range>::type>::type
 		>
 		operator|(Range&& lhs, sprout::adaptors::drop_holder<Difference> const& rhs) {
 			typedef typename sprout::container_traits<
 				typename std::remove_reference<typename sprout::lvalue_reference<Range>::type>::type
 			>::difference_type difference_type;
-			return sprout::range::range_container<
-				typename sprout::container_traits<typename std::remove_reference<typename sprout::lvalue_reference<Range>::type>::type>::iterator
+			return sprout::adaptors::detail::adapted_range_default<
+				typename std::remove_reference<typename sprout::lvalue_reference<Range>::type>::type
 			>(
 				sprout::next(
 					sprout::begin(sprout::lvalue_forward<Range>(lhs)),
diff --git a/sprout/range/adaptor/dropped_end.hpp b/sprout/range/adaptor/dropped_end.hpp
index aa8f9d13..3bd98de8 100644
--- a/sprout/range/adaptor/dropped_end.hpp
+++ b/sprout/range/adaptor/dropped_end.hpp
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 #include <sprout/container/traits.hpp>
 #include <sprout/container/functions.hpp>
 #include <sprout/iterator/next.hpp>
-#include <sprout/range/range_container.hpp>
+#include <sprout/range/adaptor/detail/adapted_range_default.hpp>
 #include <sprout/type_traits/lvalue_reference.hpp>
 #include <sprout/utility/lvalue_forward.hpp>
 #include HDR_ALGORITHM_SSCRISK_CEL_OR_SPROUT
@@ -54,15 +54,15 @@ namespace sprout {
 		// operator|
 		//
 		template<typename Range, typename Difference>
-		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR sprout::range::range_container<
-			typename sprout::container_traits<typename std::remove_reference<typename sprout::lvalue_reference<Range>::type>::type>::iterator
+		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR sprout::adaptors::detail::adapted_range_default<
+			typename std::remove_reference<typename sprout::lvalue_reference<Range>::type>::type
 		>
 		operator|(Range&& lhs, sprout::adaptors::drop_end_holder<Difference> const& rhs) {
 			typedef typename sprout::container_traits<
 				typename std::remove_reference<typename sprout::lvalue_reference<Range>::type>::type
 			>::difference_type difference_type;
-			return sprout::range::range_container<
-				typename sprout::container_traits<typename std::remove_reference<typename sprout::lvalue_reference<Range>::type>::type>::iterator
+			return sprout::adaptors::detail::adapted_range_default<
+				typename std::remove_reference<typename sprout::lvalue_reference<Range>::type>::type
 			>(
 				sprout::begin(sprout::lvalue_forward<Range>(lhs)),
 				sprout::next(
diff --git a/sprout/range/adaptor/offset.hpp b/sprout/range/adaptor/offset.hpp
index 1646b7b0..d155cc32 100644
--- a/sprout/range/adaptor/offset.hpp
+++ b/sprout/range/adaptor/offset.hpp
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 #include <sprout/container/traits.hpp>
 #include <sprout/container/functions.hpp>
 #include <sprout/iterator/next.hpp>
-#include <sprout/range/range_container.hpp>
+#include <sprout/range/adaptor/detail/adapted_range_default.hpp>
 #include <sprout/type_traits/lvalue_reference.hpp>
 #include <sprout/type_traits/arithmetic_promote.hpp>
 #include <sprout/utility/lvalue_forward.hpp>
@@ -78,16 +78,16 @@ namespace sprout {
 		// operator|
 		//
 		template<typename Range, typename Difference1, typename Difference2>
-		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR sprout::range::range_container<
-			typename sprout::container_traits<typename std::remove_reference<typename sprout::lvalue_reference<Range>::type>::type>::iterator
+		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR sprout::adaptors::detail::adapted_range_default<
+			typename std::remove_reference<typename sprout::lvalue_reference<Range>::type>::type
 		>
 		operator|(Range&& lhs, sprout::adaptors::offset_holder<Difference1, Difference2> const& rhs) {
 			typedef typename sprout::container_traits<
 				typename std::remove_reference<typename sprout::lvalue_reference<Range>::type>::type
 			>::difference_type difference_type;
-			return sprout::range::range_container<
-				typename sprout::container_traits<typename std::remove_reference<typename sprout::lvalue_reference<Range>::type>::type>::iterator
-			>(
+			return sprout::adaptors::detail::adapted_range_default<
+			typename std::remove_reference<typename sprout::lvalue_reference<Range>::type>::type
+		>(
 				sprout::next(
 					sprout::begin(sprout::lvalue_forward<Range>(lhs)),
 					NS_SSCRISK_CEL_OR_SPROUT::min<difference_type>(rhs.from_begin(), sprout::size(sprout::lvalue_forward<Range>(lhs)))
@@ -102,15 +102,15 @@ namespace sprout {
 				);
 		}
 		template<typename Range, typename Difference>
-		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR sprout::range::range_container<
-			typename sprout::container_traits<typename std::remove_reference<typename sprout::lvalue_reference<Range>::type>::type>::iterator
+		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR sprout::adaptors::detail::adapted_range_default<
+			typename std::remove_reference<typename sprout::lvalue_reference<Range>::type>::type
 		>
 		operator|(Range&& lhs, sprout::adaptors::offset_holder<Difference> const& rhs) {
 			typedef typename sprout::container_traits<
 				typename std::remove_reference<typename sprout::lvalue_reference<Range>::type>::type
 			>::difference_type difference_type;
-			return sprout::range::range_container<
-				typename sprout::container_traits<typename std::remove_reference<typename sprout::lvalue_reference<Range>::type>::type>::iterator
+			return sprout::adaptors::detail::adapted_range_default<
+				typename std::remove_reference<typename sprout::lvalue_reference<Range>::type>::type
 			>(
 				sprout::next(
 					sprout::begin(sprout::lvalue_forward<Range>(lhs)),
diff --git a/sprout/range/adaptor/reversed.hpp b/sprout/range/adaptor/reversed.hpp
index c0325c93..fcab0c49 100644
--- a/sprout/range/adaptor/reversed.hpp
+++ b/sprout/range/adaptor/reversed.hpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 #include <sprout/container/traits.hpp>
 #include <sprout/container/functions.hpp>
 #include <sprout/iterator/reverse_iterator.hpp>
-#include <sprout/range/range_container.hpp>
+#include <sprout/range/adaptor/detail/adapted_range_default.hpp>
 #include <sprout/range/algorithm/copy.hpp>
 #include <sprout/type_traits/lvalue_reference.hpp>
 #include <sprout/utility/forward.hpp>
@@ -20,21 +20,17 @@ namespace sprout {
 		//
 		template<typename Range>
 		class reversed_range
-			: public sprout::range::range_container<
-				sprout::reverse_iterator<
-					typename sprout::container_traits<Range>::iterator
-				>
+			: public sprout::adaptors::detail::adapted_range_default<
+				Range,
+				sprout::reverse_iterator<typename sprout::container_traits<Range>::iterator>
 			>
-			, public sprout::detail::container_nosy_static_size<Range>
-			, public sprout::detail::container_nosy_fixed_size<Range>
 		{
 		public:
-			typedef Range range_type;
-			typedef sprout::range::range_container<
-				sprout::reverse_iterator<
-					typename sprout::container_traits<Range>::iterator
-				>
+			typedef sprout::adaptors::detail::adapted_range_default<
+				Range,
+				sprout::reverse_iterator<typename sprout::container_traits<Range>::iterator>
 			> base_type;
+			typedef typename base_type::range_type range_type;
 			typedef typename base_type::iterator iterator;
 		public:
 			reversed_range() = default;
@@ -79,28 +75,9 @@ namespace sprout {
 	// container_construct_traits
 	//
 	template<typename Range>
-	struct container_construct_traits<sprout::adaptors::reversed_range<Range> > {
-	public:
-		typedef typename sprout::container_construct_traits<Range>::copied_type copied_type;
-	public:
-		template<typename Cont>
-		static SPROUT_CONSTEXPR copied_type deep_copy(Cont&& cont) {
-			return sprout::range::fixed::copy(sprout::forward<Cont>(cont), sprout::pit<copied_type>());
-		}
-		template<typename... Args>
-		static SPROUT_CONSTEXPR copied_type make(Args&&... args) {
-			return sprout::make<copied_type>(sprout::forward<Args>(args)...);
-		}
-		template<typename Cont, typename... Args>
-		static SPROUT_CONSTEXPR copied_type remake(
-			Cont&& cont,
-			typename sprout::container_traits<sprout::adaptors::reversed_range<Range> >::difference_type size,
-			Args&&... args
-			)
-		{
-			return sprout::remake<copied_type>(sprout::forward<Cont>(cont), size, sprout::forward<Args>(args)...);
-		}
-	};
+	struct container_construct_traits<sprout::adaptors::reversed_range<Range> >
+		: public sprout::container_construct_traits<typename sprout::adaptors::reversed_range<Range>::base_type>
+	{};
 }	// namespace sprout
 
 #endif	// #ifndef SPROUT_RANGE_ADAPTOR_REVERSED_HPP
diff --git a/sprout/range/adaptor/taken.hpp b/sprout/range/adaptor/taken.hpp
index 6fbf9c4e..f578c18d 100644
--- a/sprout/range/adaptor/taken.hpp
+++ b/sprout/range/adaptor/taken.hpp
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 #include <sprout/container/traits.hpp>
 #include <sprout/container/functions.hpp>
 #include <sprout/iterator/next.hpp>
-#include <sprout/range/range_container.hpp>
+#include <sprout/range/adaptor/detail/adapted_range_default.hpp>
 #include <sprout/type_traits/lvalue_reference.hpp>
 #include <sprout/utility/lvalue_forward.hpp>
 #include HDR_ALGORITHM_SSCRISK_CEL_OR_SPROUT
@@ -54,15 +54,15 @@ namespace sprout {
 		// operator|
 		//
 		template<typename Range, typename Difference>
-		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR sprout::range::range_container<
-			typename sprout::container_traits<typename std::remove_reference<typename sprout::lvalue_reference<Range>::type>::type>::iterator
+		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR sprout::adaptors::detail::adapted_range_default<
+			typename std::remove_reference<typename sprout::lvalue_reference<Range>::type>::type
 		>
 		operator|(Range&& lhs, sprout::adaptors::take_holder<Difference> const& rhs) {
 			typedef typename sprout::container_traits<
 				typename std::remove_reference<typename sprout::lvalue_reference<Range>::type>::type
 			>::difference_type difference_type;
-			return sprout::range::range_container<
-				typename sprout::container_traits<typename std::remove_reference<typename sprout::lvalue_reference<Range>::type>::type>::iterator
+			return sprout::adaptors::detail::adapted_range_default<
+				typename std::remove_reference<typename sprout::lvalue_reference<Range>::type>::type
 			>(
 				sprout::begin(sprout::lvalue_forward<Range>(lhs)),
 				sprout::next(
diff --git a/sprout/range/adaptor/taken_end.hpp b/sprout/range/adaptor/taken_end.hpp
index ed25571a..16377f2f 100644
--- a/sprout/range/adaptor/taken_end.hpp
+++ b/sprout/range/adaptor/taken_end.hpp
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 #include <sprout/container/traits.hpp>
 #include <sprout/container/functions.hpp>
 #include <sprout/iterator/next.hpp>
-#include <sprout/range/range_container.hpp>
+#include <sprout/range/adaptor/detail/adapted_range_default.hpp>
 #include <sprout/type_traits/lvalue_reference.hpp>
 #include <sprout/utility/lvalue_forward.hpp>
 #include HDR_ALGORITHM_SSCRISK_CEL_OR_SPROUT
@@ -54,15 +54,15 @@ namespace sprout {
 		// operator|
 		//
 		template<typename Range, typename Difference>
-		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR sprout::range::range_container<
-			typename sprout::container_traits<typename std::remove_reference<typename sprout::lvalue_reference<Range>::type>::type>::iterator
+		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR sprout::adaptors::detail::adapted_range_default<
+			typename std::remove_reference<typename sprout::lvalue_reference<Range>::type>::type
 		>
 		operator|(Range&& lhs, sprout::adaptors::take_end_holder<Difference> const& rhs) {
 			typedef typename sprout::container_traits<
 				typename std::remove_reference<typename sprout::lvalue_reference<Range>::type>::type
 			>::difference_type difference_type;
-			return sprout::range::range_container<
-				typename sprout::container_traits<typename std::remove_reference<typename sprout::lvalue_reference<Range>::type>::type>::iterator
+			return sprout::adaptors::detail::adapted_range_default<
+				typename std::remove_reference<typename sprout::lvalue_reference<Range>::type>::type
 			>(
 				sprout::next(
 					sprout::end(sprout::lvalue_forward<Range>(lhs)),
diff --git a/sprout/range/adaptor/transformed.hpp b/sprout/range/adaptor/transformed.hpp
index 30a943df..fc475419 100644
--- a/sprout/range/adaptor/transformed.hpp
+++ b/sprout/range/adaptor/transformed.hpp
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 #include <sprout/container/traits.hpp>
 #include <sprout/container/functions.hpp>
 #include <sprout/iterator/transform_iterator.hpp>
-#include <sprout/range/range_container.hpp>
+#include <sprout/range/adaptor/detail/adapted_range_default.hpp>
 #include <sprout/range/algorithm/copy.hpp>
 #include <sprout/type_traits/lvalue_reference.hpp>
 #include <sprout/utility/forward.hpp>
@@ -21,21 +21,21 @@ namespace sprout {
 		//
 		template<typename BinaryFunction, typename LRange, typename RRange = void>
 		class transformed_range
-			: public sprout::range::range_container<
+			: public sprout::adaptors::detail::adapted_range_default<
+				LRange,
 				sprout::transform_iterator<
 					BinaryFunction,
 					typename sprout::container_traits<LRange>::iterator,
 					typename sprout::container_traits<RRange>::iterator
 				>
 			>
-			, public sprout::detail::container_nosy_static_size<LRange>
-			, public sprout::detail::container_nosy_fixed_size<LRange>
 		{
 		public:
 			typedef BinaryFunction functor_type;
-			typedef LRange range_type;
+			typedef LRange range1_type;
 			typedef RRange range2_type;
-			typedef sprout::range::range_container<
+			typedef sprout::adaptors::detail::adapted_range_default<
+				LRange,
 				sprout::transform_iterator<
 					BinaryFunction,
 					typename sprout::container_traits<LRange>::iterator,
@@ -43,11 +43,10 @@ namespace sprout {
 				>
 			> base_type;
 			typedef typename base_type::iterator iterator;
-			typedef typename base_type::size_type size_type;
 		public:
 			transformed_range() = default;
 			transformed_range(transformed_range const&) = default;
-			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR transformed_range(functor_type func, range_type& range1, range2_type& range2)
+			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR transformed_range(functor_type func, range1_type& range1, range2_type& range2)
 				: base_type(
 					iterator(sprout::begin(range1), sprout::begin(range2), func),
 					iterator(sprout::end(range1), sprout::end(range2), func)
@@ -57,19 +56,19 @@ namespace sprout {
 
 		template<typename UnaryFunction, typename Range>
 		class transformed_range<UnaryFunction, Range, void>
-			: public sprout::range::range_container<
+			: public sprout::adaptors::detail::adapted_range_default<
+				Range,
 				sprout::transform_iterator<
 					UnaryFunction,
 					typename sprout::container_traits<Range>::iterator
 				>
 			>
-			, public sprout::detail::container_nosy_static_size<Range>
-			, public sprout::detail::container_nosy_fixed_size<Range>
 		{
 		public:
 			typedef UnaryFunction functor_type;
-			typedef Range range_type;
-			typedef sprout::range::range_container<
+			typedef Range range1_type;
+			typedef sprout::adaptors::detail::adapted_range_default<
+				Range,
 				sprout::transform_iterator<
 					UnaryFunction,
 					typename sprout::container_traits<Range>::iterator
@@ -79,7 +78,7 @@ namespace sprout {
 		public:
 			transformed_range() = default;
 			transformed_range(transformed_range const&) = default;
-			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR transformed_range(functor_type func, range_type& range)
+			SPROUT_CONSTEXPR transformed_range(functor_type func, range1_type& range)
 				: base_type(
 					iterator(sprout::begin(range), func),
 					iterator(sprout::end(range), func)
@@ -202,28 +201,9 @@ namespace sprout {
 	// container_construct_traits
 	//
 	template<typename UnaryOrBinaryFunction, typename LRange, typename RRange>
-	struct container_construct_traits<sprout::adaptors::transformed_range<UnaryOrBinaryFunction, LRange, RRange> > {
-	public:
-		typedef typename sprout::container_construct_traits<LRange>::copied_type copied_type;
-	public:
-		template<typename Cont>
-		static SPROUT_CONSTEXPR copied_type deep_copy(Cont&& cont) {
-			return sprout::range::fixed::copy(sprout::forward<Cont>(cont), sprout::pit<copied_type>());
-		}
-		template<typename... Args>
-		static SPROUT_CONSTEXPR copied_type make(Args&&... args) {
-			return sprout::make<copied_type>(sprout::forward<Args>(args)...);
-		}
-		template<typename Cont, typename... Args>
-		static SPROUT_CONSTEXPR copied_type remake(
-			Cont&& cont,
-			typename sprout::container_traits<sprout::adaptors::transformed_range<UnaryOrBinaryFunction, LRange, RRange> >::difference_type size,
-			Args&&... args
-			)
-		{
-			return sprout::remake<copied_type>(sprout::forward<Cont>(cont), size, sprout::forward<Args>(args)...);
-		}
-	};
+	struct container_construct_traits<sprout::adaptors::transformed_range<UnaryOrBinaryFunction, LRange, RRange> >
+		: public sprout::container_construct_traits<typename sprout::adaptors::transformed_range<UnaryOrBinaryFunction, LRange, RRange>::base_type>
+	{};
 }	// namespace sprout
 
 #endif	// #ifndef SPROUT_RANGE_ADAPTOR_TRANSFORMD_HPP
diff --git a/sprout/range/adaptor/window.hpp b/sprout/range/adaptor/window.hpp
index 5ffda72c..506838b7 100644
--- a/sprout/range/adaptor/window.hpp
+++ b/sprout/range/adaptor/window.hpp
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 #include <sprout/container/traits.hpp>
 #include <sprout/container/functions.hpp>
 #include <sprout/iterator/next.hpp>
-#include <sprout/range/range_container.hpp>
+#include <sprout/range/adaptor/detail/adapted_range_default.hpp>
 #include <sprout/type_traits/lvalue_reference.hpp>
 #include <sprout/type_traits/arithmetic_promote.hpp>
 #include <sprout/utility/lvalue_forward.hpp>
@@ -78,15 +78,15 @@ namespace sprout {
 		// operator|
 		//
 		template<typename Range, typename Difference1, typename Difference2>
-		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR sprout::range::range_container<
-			typename sprout::container_traits<typename std::remove_reference<typename sprout::lvalue_reference<Range>::type>::type>::iterator
+		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR sprout::adaptors::detail::adapted_range_default<
+			typename std::remove_reference<typename sprout::lvalue_reference<Range>::type>::type
 		>
 		operator|(Range&& lhs, sprout::adaptors::window_holder<Difference1, Difference2> const& rhs) {
 			typedef typename sprout::container_traits<
 				typename std::remove_reference<typename sprout::lvalue_reference<Range>::type>::type
 			>::difference_type difference_type;
-			return sprout::range::range_container<
-				typename sprout::container_traits<typename std::remove_reference<typename sprout::lvalue_reference<Range>::type>::type>::iterator
+			return sprout::adaptors::detail::adapted_range_default<
+				typename std::remove_reference<typename sprout::lvalue_reference<Range>::type>::type
 			>(
 				sprout::next(
 					sprout::begin(sprout::lvalue_forward<Range>(lhs)),
@@ -99,15 +99,15 @@ namespace sprout {
 				);
 		}
 		template<typename Range, typename Difference>
-		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR sprout::range::range_container<
-			typename sprout::container_traits<typename std::remove_reference<typename sprout::lvalue_reference<Range>::type>::type>::iterator
+		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR sprout::adaptors::detail::adapted_range_default<
+			typename std::remove_reference<typename sprout::lvalue_reference<Range>::type>::type
 		>
 		operator|(Range&& lhs, sprout::adaptors::window_holder<Difference> const& rhs) {
 			typedef typename sprout::container_traits<
 				typename std::remove_reference<typename sprout::lvalue_reference<Range>::type>::type
 			>::difference_type difference_type;
-			return sprout::range::range_container<
-				typename sprout::container_traits<typename std::remove_reference<typename sprout::lvalue_reference<Range>::type>::type>::iterator
+			return sprout::adaptors::detail::adapted_range_default<
+				typename std::remove_reference<typename sprout::lvalue_reference<Range>::type>::type
 			>(
 				sprout::next(
 					sprout::begin(sprout::lvalue_forward<Range>(lhs)),
diff --git a/sprout/utility/limited.hpp b/sprout/utility/limited.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8b57eb2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sprout/utility/limited.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#ifndef SPROUT_INTEGER_LIMITED_HPP
+#define SPROUT_INTEGER_LIMITED_HPP
+
+#include <limits>
+#include <sprout/config.hpp>
+#include <sprout/type_traits/arithmetic_promote.hpp>
+
+namespace sprout {
+	namespace limited {
+		//
+		// plus
+		//
+		template<typename T, typename U>
+		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename sprout::arithmetic_promote<T, U>::type
+		plus(T const& lhs, U const& rhs) {
+			typedef typename sprout::arithmetic_promote<T, U>::type type;
+			return lhs > 0 && rhs > 0 && std::numeric_limits<type>::max() - lhs < rhs
+					? std::numeric_limits<type>::max()
+				: lhs < 0 && rhs < 0 && std::numeric_limits<type>::min() - lhs > rhs
+					? std::numeric_limits<type>::min()
+				: lhs + rhs
+				;
+		}
+
+		//
+		// multiplies
+		//
+		template<typename T, typename U>
+		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename sprout::arithmetic_promote<T, U>::type
+		multiplies(T const& lhs, U const& rhs) {
+			typedef typename sprout::arithmetic_promote<T, U>::type type;
+			return lhs > 0 && rhs > 0 && std::numeric_limits<type>::max() / lhs + (std::numeric_limits<type>::max() % lhs ? 1 : 0) <= rhs
+					? std::numeric_limits<type>::max()
+				: lhs > 0 && rhs < 0 && std::numeric_limits<type>::min() / rhs + (std::numeric_limits<type>::min() % rhs ? 1 : 0) <= lhs
+					? std::numeric_limits<type>::min()
+				: lhs < 0 && rhs > 0 && std::numeric_limits<type>::min() / lhs + (std::numeric_limits<type>::min() % lhs ? 1 : 0) <= rhs
+					? std::numeric_limits<type>::min()
+				: lhs < 0 && rhs < 0 && -(std::numeric_limits<type>::min() / rhs + (std::numeric_limits<type>::min() % rhs ? 1 : 0)) >= lhs
+					? std::numeric_limits<type>::max()
+				: lhs * rhs
+				;
+		}
+	}	// namespace limited
+}	// namespace sprout
+
+#endif	// #ifndef SPROUT_INTEGER_LIMITED_HPP
diff --git a/sprout/utility/operation_ext.hpp b/sprout/utility/operation_ext.hpp
index a79ca805..40bcf0fa 100644
--- a/sprout/utility/operation_ext.hpp
+++ b/sprout/utility/operation_ext.hpp
@@ -6,5 +6,6 @@
 #include <sprout/utility/as_lvalue.hpp>
 #include <sprout/utility/as_const.hpp>
 #include <sprout/utility/lvalue_forward.hpp>
+#include <sprout/utility/limited.hpp>
 
 #endif	// #ifndef SPROUT_UTILITY_OPERATION_EXT_HPP
diff --git a/sprout/weed/parser/directive/replace.hpp b/sprout/weed/parser/directive/replace.hpp
index 137a02a5..8e13ff23 100644
--- a/sprout/weed/parser/directive/replace.hpp
+++ b/sprout/weed/parser/directive/replace.hpp
@@ -45,7 +45,6 @@ namespace sprout {
 				) const
 			{
 				typedef typename result<Context, Iterator>::type result_type;
-				typedef typename attribute<Context, Iterator>::type attribute_type;
 				return res.success()
 					? result_type(true, res.current(), value_)
 					: result_type(false, first, value_)
diff --git a/sprout/weed/traits/parser/is_parser.hpp b/sprout/weed/traits/parser/is_parser.hpp
index d5d9ad8d..39205590 100644
--- a/sprout/weed/traits/parser/is_parser.hpp
+++ b/sprout/weed/traits/parser/is_parser.hpp
@@ -18,18 +18,6 @@ namespace sprout {
 			template<typename T, typename = void>
 			struct is_parser;
 			template<typename T>
-			struct is_parser<
-				T,
-				typename std::enable_if<
-					std::is_const<T>::value
-					&& !std::is_array<T>::value
-				>::type
-			>
-				: public sprout::weed::traits::is_parser<
-					typename std::remove_const<T>::type
-				>
-			{};
-			template<typename T>
 			struct is_parser<
 				T,
 				typename std::enable_if<
@@ -68,6 +56,18 @@ namespace sprout {
 			>
 				: public std::true_type
 			{};
+			template<typename T>
+			struct is_parser<
+				T,
+				typename std::enable_if<
+					std::is_const<T>::value
+					&& !std::is_array<T>::value
+				>::type
+			>
+				: public sprout::weed::traits::is_parser<
+					typename std::remove_const<T>::type
+				>
+			{};
 		}	// namespace traits
 	}	// namespace weed
 }	// namespace sprout