diff --git a/sprout/detail/one_type.hpp b/sprout/detail/one_type.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b286b5ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sprout/detail/one_type.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+/*=============================================================================
+  Copyright (c) 2011-2015 Bolero MURAKAMI
+  https://github.com/bolero-MURAKAMI/Sprout
+
+  Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
+  file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
+=============================================================================*/
+#ifndef SPROUT_DETAIL_ONE_TYPE_HPP
+#define SPROUT_DETAIL_ONE_TYPE_HPP
+
+#include <sprout/config.hpp>
+
+namespace sprout {
+	namespace detail {
+		//
+		// one_type
+		//
+		typedef char one_type;
+
+		//
+		// not_one_type
+		//
+		struct not_one_type {
+		public:
+		   char padding[8];
+		};
+	}	// namespace detail
+}	// namespace sprout
+
+#endif	// #ifndef SPROUT_DETAIL_ONE_TYPE_HPP
diff --git a/sprout/type_traits/has_xxx.hpp b/sprout/type_traits/has_xxx.hpp
index a7f7ac5d..e2cc9a11 100644
--- a/sprout/type_traits/has_xxx.hpp
+++ b/sprout/type_traits/has_xxx.hpp
@@ -8,12 +8,16 @@
 #ifndef SPROUT_TYPE_TRAITS_HAS_XXX_HPP
 #define SPROUT_TYPE_TRAITS_HAS_XXX_HPP
 
-#include <sprout/config.hpp>
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <sprout/detail/one_type.hpp>
 #include <sprout/preprocessor/cat.hpp>
 #include <sprout/preprocessor/some_number.hpp>
 #include <sprout/type_traits/identity.hpp>
 #include <sprout/type_traits/integral_constant.hpp>
 
+#define SPROUT_HAS_XXX_DETAIL_NAME_GEN(PREFIX, ELEM, NAME, NUM) \
+	SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(PREFIX, ELEM), NAME), NUM)
+
 //
 // SPROUT_HAS_XXX_TYPE_DEF
 // SPROUT_HAS_XXX_TYPE_DEF_LAZY
@@ -21,22 +25,22 @@
 #if defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER > 1900)
 #define SPROUT_HAS_XXX_TYPE_DEF_IMPL(NAME, TYPE, NUM) \
 	template<typename T, typename = typename T::TYPE> \
-	sprout::true_type SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(sprout_has_xxx_impl_check_type_, TYPE), NAME), NUM)(int); \
+	sprout::true_type SPROUT_HAS_XXX_DETAIL_NAME_GEN(sprout_has_xxx_impl_check_type_, TYPE, NAME, NUM)(int); \
 	template<typename T> \
-	sprout::false_type SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(sprout_has_xxx_impl_check_type_, TYPE), NAME), NUM)(long); \
-	template<typename T, typename Base_ = decltype(SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(sprout_has_xxx_impl_check_type_, TYPE), NAME), NUM)<T>(0))> \
+	sprout::false_type SPROUT_HAS_XXX_DETAIL_NAME_GEN(sprout_has_xxx_impl_check_type_, TYPE, NAME, NUM)(long); \
+	template<typename T, typename Base_ = decltype(SPROUT_HAS_XXX_DETAIL_NAME_GEN(sprout_has_xxx_impl_check_type_, TYPE, NAME, NUM)<T>(0))> \
 	struct NAME \
 		: public Base_ \
 	{}
 #else
 #define SPROUT_HAS_XXX_TYPE_DEF_IMPL(NAME, TYPE, NUM) \
 	template<typename T, typename = typename T::TYPE> \
-	sprout::true_type SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(sprout_has_xxx_impl_check_type_, TYPE), NAME), NUM)(int); \
+	sprout::true_type SPROUT_HAS_XXX_DETAIL_NAME_GEN(sprout_has_xxx_impl_check_type_, TYPE, NAME, NUM)(int); \
 	template<typename T> \
-	sprout::false_type SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(sprout_has_xxx_impl_check_type_, TYPE), NAME), NUM)(long); \
+	sprout::false_type SPROUT_HAS_XXX_DETAIL_NAME_GEN(sprout_has_xxx_impl_check_type_, TYPE, NAME, NUM)(long); \
 	template<typename T> \
 	struct NAME \
-		: public sprout::identity<decltype(SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(sprout_has_xxx_impl_check_type_, TYPE), NAME), NUM)<T>(0))>::type \
+		: public sprout::identity<decltype(SPROUT_HAS_XXX_DETAIL_NAME_GEN(sprout_has_xxx_impl_check_type_, TYPE, NAME, NUM)<T>(0))>::type \
 	{}
 #endif
 #define SPROUT_HAS_XXX_TYPE_DEF(NAME, TYPE) \
@@ -48,25 +52,50 @@
 // SPROUT_HAS_XXX_VALUE_DEF
 // SPROUT_HAS_XXX_VALUE_DEF_LAZY
 //
-#if defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER > 1900)
-#define SPROUT_HAS_XXX_VALUE_DEF_IMPL(NAME, VALUE, NUM) \
-	template<typename T, typename sprout::identity<decltype(&T::VALUE)>::type = &T::VALUE> \
-	sprout::true_type SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(sprout_has_xxx_impl_check_value_, VALUE), NAME), NUM)(int); \
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#define SPROUT_HAS_XXX_VALUE_DEF_IMPL_HSD_OP(NAME, VALUE, NUM) \
+	template<typename T> \
+	struct SPROUT_HAS_XXX_DETAIL_NAME_GEN(sprout_has_xxx_impl_check_value_hsd_op_, VALUE, NAME, NUM) { \
+	private: \
+		template<typename U, typename V> \
+		static sprout::detail::one_type check2(V*); \
+		template<typename U, typename V> \
+		static sprout::detail::not_one_type check2(U); \
+	private: \
+		template<typename U> \
+		static typename std::enable_if< \
+			sizeof(check2<U, decltype(U::VALUE)>(&U::VALUE)) == sizeof(sprout::detail::one_type), \
+			sprout::detail::one_type \
+		>::type has_matching_member(int); \
+		template<typename U> \
+		static sprout::detail::not_one_type has_matching_member(...); \
+	private: \
+		template<typename U> \
+		struct ttc_sd \
+			: public sprout::bool_constant<sizeof(has_matching_member<U>(0)) == sizeof(sprout::detail::one_type)> \
+		{}; \
+	public: \
+		typedef typename ttc_sd<T>::type type; \
+	}
+#define SPROUT_HAS_XXX_VALUE_DEF_IMPL(NAME, VALUE, NUM) \
+	SPROUT_HAS_XXX_VALUE_DEF_IMPL_HSD_OP(NAME, VALUE, NUM); \
 	template<typename T> \
-	sprout::false_type SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(sprout_has_xxx_impl_check_value_, VALUE), NAME), NUM)(long); \
-	template<typename T, typename Base_ = decltype(SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(sprout_has_xxx_impl_check_value_, VALUE), NAME), NUM)<T>(0))> \
 	struct NAME \
-		: public Base_ \
+		: public std::conditional< \
+ 			std::is_class<T>::value, \
+	 		SPROUT_HAS_XXX_DETAIL_NAME_GEN(sprout_has_xxx_impl_check_value_hsd_op_, VALUE, NAME, NUM)<T>, \
+	 		sprout::false_type \
+		>::type::type \
 	{}
 #else
 #define SPROUT_HAS_XXX_VALUE_DEF_IMPL(NAME, VALUE, NUM) \
 	template<typename T, typename sprout::identity<decltype(&T::VALUE)>::type = &T::VALUE> \
-	sprout::true_type SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(sprout_has_xxx_impl_check_value_, VALUE), NAME), NUM)(int); \
+	sprout::true_type SPROUT_HAS_XXX_DETAIL_NAME_GEN(sprout_has_xxx_impl_check_value_, VALUE, NAME, NUM)(int); \
 	template<typename T> \
-	sprout::false_type SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(sprout_has_xxx_impl_check_value_, VALUE), NAME), NUM)(long); \
+	sprout::false_type SPROUT_HAS_XXX_DETAIL_NAME_GEN(sprout_has_xxx_impl_check_value_, VALUE, NAME, NUM)(long); \
 	template<typename T> \
 	struct NAME \
-		: public sprout::identity<decltype(SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(sprout_has_xxx_impl_check_value_, VALUE), NAME), NUM)<T>(0))>::type \
+		: public sprout::identity<decltype(SPROUT_HAS_XXX_DETAIL_NAME_GEN(sprout_has_xxx_impl_check_value_, VALUE, NAME, NUM)<T>(0))>::type \
 	{}
 #endif
 #define SPROUT_HAS_XXX_VALUE_DEF(NAME, VALUE) \
@@ -81,22 +110,22 @@
 #if defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER > 1900)
 #define SPROUT_HAS_XXX_TEMPLATE_DEF_IMPL(NAME, TEMPLATE, NUM) \
 	template<typename T, template<typename...> class = T::template TEMPLATE> \
-	sprout::true_type SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(sprout_has_xxx_impl_check_type_, TEMPLATE), NAME), NUM)(int); \
+	sprout::true_type SPROUT_HAS_XXX_DETAIL_NAME_GEN(sprout_has_xxx_impl_check_type_, TEMPLATE, NAME, NUM)(int); \
 	template<typename T> \
-	sprout::false_type SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(sprout_has_xxx_impl_check_type_, TEMPLATE), NAME), NUM)(long); \
-	template<typename T, typename Base_ = decltype(SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(sprout_has_xxx_impl_check_type_, TEMPLATE), NAME), NUM)<T>(0))> \
+	sprout::false_type SPROUT_HAS_XXX_DETAIL_NAME_GEN(sprout_has_xxx_impl_check_type_, TEMPLATE, NAME, NUM)(long); \
+	template<typename T, typename Base_ = decltype(SPROUT_HAS_XXX_DETAIL_NAME_GEN(sprout_has_xxx_impl_check_type_, TEMPLATE, NAME, NUM)<T>(0))> \
 	struct NAME \
 		: public Base_ \
 	{}
 #else
 #define SPROUT_HAS_XXX_TEMPLATE_DEF_IMPL(NAME, TEMPLATE, NUM) \
 	template<typename T, template<typename...> class = T::template TEMPLATE> \
-	sprout::true_type SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(sprout_has_xxx_impl_check_type_, TEMPLATE), NAME), NUM)(int); \
+	sprout::true_type SPROUT_HAS_XXX_DETAIL_NAME_GEN(sprout_has_xxx_impl_check_type_, TEMPLATE, NAME, NUM)(int); \
 	template<typename T> \
-	sprout::false_type SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(sprout_has_xxx_impl_check_type_, TEMPLATE), NAME), NUM)(long); \
+	sprout::false_type SPROUT_HAS_XXX_DETAIL_NAME_GEN(sprout_has_xxx_impl_check_type_, TEMPLATE, NAME, NUM)(long); \
 	template<typename T> \
 	struct NAME \
-		: public sprout::identity<decltype(SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(sprout_has_xxx_impl_check_type_, TEMPLATE), NAME), NUM)<T>(0))>::type \
+		: public sprout::identity<decltype(SPROUT_HAS_XXX_DETAIL_NAME_GEN(sprout_has_xxx_impl_check_type_, TEMPLATE, NAME, NUM)<T>(0))>::type \
 	{}
 #endif
 #define SPROUT_HAS_XXX_TEMPLATE_DEF(NAME, TEMPLATE) \
diff --git a/sprout/type_traits/integral_constant.hpp b/sprout/type_traits/integral_constant.hpp
index 47d45388..23ddf618 100644
--- a/sprout/type_traits/integral_constant.hpp
+++ b/sprout/type_traits/integral_constant.hpp
@@ -23,6 +23,8 @@ namespace sprout {
 		typedef typename std::integral_constant<T, V>::value_type value_type;
 		typedef integral_constant type;
 	public:
+		SPROUT_STATIC_CONSTEXPR value_type value = V;
+	public:
 #if defined(__INTEL_COMPILER) || defined(__ICL) || defined(__ICC) || defined(__ECC)
 		SPROUT_CONSTEXPR integral_constant() SPROUT_NOEXCEPT {}
 		integral_constant(integral_constant const&) = default;
@@ -40,6 +42,8 @@ namespace sprout {
 			return std::integral_constant<T, V>::value;
 		}
 	};
+	template<typename T, T V>
+	SPROUT_CONSTEXPR_OR_CONST typename sprout::integral_constant<T, V>::value_type sprout::integral_constant<T, V>::value;
 
 	//
 	// bool_constant