diff --git a/sprout/algorithm/string/join.hpp b/sprout/algorithm/string/join.hpp
index b51bb47b..f10657c4 100644
--- a/sprout/algorithm/string/join.hpp
+++ b/sprout/algorithm/string/join.hpp
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 #include <sprout/index_tuple.hpp>
 #include <sprout/pit.hpp>
 #include <sprout/iterator/type_traits/is_iterator.hpp>
-#include <sprout/type_traits/enabler_if.hpp>
 #include <sprout/range/adaptor/size_enumed.hpp>
 #include <sprout/range/algorithm/lower_bound.hpp>
 #include <sprout/range/numeric/partial_sum.hpp>
@@ -40,19 +39,19 @@ namespace sprout {
 				>
 			{};
 
-			template<
-				typename String,
-				typename sprout::enabler_if<sprout::is_c_str<String>::value>::type = sprout::enabler
-			>
-			inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename sprout::container_traits<String>::difference_type
+			template<typename String>
+			inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
+				sprout::is_c_str<String>::value,
+				typename sprout::container_traits<String>::difference_type
+			>::type
 			str_size(String const& str) {
 				return sprout::size(str) - 1;
 			}
-			template<
-				typename String,
-				typename sprout::enabler_if<!sprout::is_c_str<String>::value>::type = sprout::enabler
-			>
-			inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename sprout::container_traits<String>::difference_type
+			template<typename String>
+			inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
+				!sprout::is_c_str<String>::value,
+				typename sprout::container_traits<String>::difference_type
+			>::type
 			str_size(String const& str) {
 				return sprout::size(str);
 			}
@@ -230,38 +229,36 @@ namespace sprout {
 					;
 			}
 
-			template<
-				typename ContainerContainer,
-				typename sprout::enabler_if<
-					sprout::is_random_access_iterator<
-						typename sprout::container_traits<ContainerContainer const>::iterator
-					>::value
+			template<typename ContainerContainer>
+			inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
+				sprout::is_random_access_iterator<
+					typename sprout::container_traits<ContainerContainer const>::iterator
+				>::value
 					&& sprout::is_random_access_iterator<
 						typename sprout::container_traits<
 							typename sprout::container_traits<ContainerContainer const>::value_type
 						>::iterator
 					>::value
-				>::type = sprout::enabler
-			>
-			inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename sprout::algorithm::result_of::join<ContainerContainer>::type
+					,
+				typename sprout::algorithm::result_of::join<ContainerContainer>::type
+			>::type
 			join(ContainerContainer const& cont_cont) {
 				typedef typename sprout::algorithm::result_of::join<ContainerContainer>::type result_type;
 				return sprout::algorithm::detail::join_impl_ra<result_type>(cont_cont);
 			}
-			template<
-				typename ContainerContainer,
-				typename sprout::enabler_if<!(
-					sprout::is_random_access_iterator<
-						typename sprout::container_traits<ContainerContainer const>::iterator
-					>::value
+			template<typename ContainerContainer>
+			inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<!(
+				sprout::is_random_access_iterator<
+					typename sprout::container_traits<ContainerContainer const>::iterator
+				>::value
 					&& sprout::is_random_access_iterator<
 						typename sprout::container_traits<
 							typename sprout::container_traits<ContainerContainer const>::value_type
 						>::iterator
 					>::value
-				)>::type = sprout::enabler
-			>
-			inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename sprout::algorithm::result_of::join<ContainerContainer>::type
+					),
+				typename sprout::algorithm::result_of::join<ContainerContainer>::type
+			>::type
 			join(ContainerContainer const& cont_cont) {
 				typedef typename sprout::algorithm::result_of::join<ContainerContainer>::type result_type;
 				return sprout::algorithm::detail::join_impl<result_type>(
@@ -457,13 +454,11 @@ namespace sprout {
 					;
 			}
 
-			template<
-				typename ContainerContainer,
-				typename Separator,
-				typename sprout::enabler_if<
-					sprout::is_random_access_iterator<
-						typename sprout::container_traits<ContainerContainer const>::iterator
-					>::value
+			template<typename ContainerContainer, typename Separator>
+			inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
+				sprout::is_random_access_iterator<
+					typename sprout::container_traits<ContainerContainer const>::iterator
+				>::value
 					&& sprout::is_random_access_iterator<
 						typename sprout::container_traits<
 							typename sprout::container_traits<ContainerContainer const>::value_type
@@ -472,20 +467,18 @@ namespace sprout {
 					&& sprout::is_random_access_iterator<
 						typename sprout::container_traits<Separator const>::iterator
 					>::value
-				>::type = sprout::enabler
-			>
-			inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename sprout::algorithm::result_of::join<ContainerContainer>::type
+					,
+				typename sprout::algorithm::result_of::join<ContainerContainer, Separator>::type
+			>::type
 			join(ContainerContainer const& cont_cont, Separator const& separator) {
-				typedef typename sprout::algorithm::result_of::join<ContainerContainer>::type result_type;
+				typedef typename sprout::algorithm::result_of::join<ContainerContainer, Separator>::type result_type;
 				return sprout::algorithm::detail::join_impl_ra<result_type>(cont_cont, separator);
 			}
-			template<
-				typename ContainerContainer,
-				typename Separator,
-				typename sprout::enabler_if<!(
-					sprout::is_random_access_iterator<
-						typename sprout::container_traits<ContainerContainer const>::iterator
-					>::value
+			template<typename ContainerContainer, typename Separator>
+			inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<!(
+				sprout::is_random_access_iterator<
+					typename sprout::container_traits<ContainerContainer const>::iterator
+				>::value
 					&& sprout::is_random_access_iterator<
 						typename sprout::container_traits<
 							typename sprout::container_traits<ContainerContainer const>::value_type
@@ -494,11 +487,11 @@ namespace sprout {
 					&& sprout::is_random_access_iterator<
 						typename sprout::container_traits<Separator const>::iterator
 					>::value
-				)>::type = sprout::enabler
-			>
-			inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename sprout::algorithm::result_of::join<ContainerContainer>::type
+					),
+				typename sprout::algorithm::result_of::join<ContainerContainer, Separator>::type
+			>::type
 			join(ContainerContainer const& cont_cont, Separator const& separator) {
-				typedef typename sprout::algorithm::result_of::join<ContainerContainer>::type result_type;
+				typedef typename sprout::algorithm::result_of::join<ContainerContainer, Separator>::type result_type;
 				return sprout::algorithm::detail::join_impl<result_type>(
 					sprout::begin(cont_cont),
 					sprout::end(cont_cont),
diff --git a/sprout/bit/clz.hpp b/sprout/bit/clz.hpp
index b7685f5f..afc32edc 100644
--- a/sprout/bit/clz.hpp
+++ b/sprout/bit/clz.hpp
@@ -28,13 +28,19 @@ namespace sprout {
 				: 1 + sprout::detail::clz_impl(n, static_cast<T>(m >> 1))
 				;
 		}
-		template<typename T, typename sprout::enabler_if<std::is_unsigned<T>::value>::type = sprout::enabler>
-		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR int
+		template<typename T>
+		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
+			std::is_unsigned<T>::value,
+			int
+		>::type
 		clz(T n) {
 			return sprout::detail::clz_impl(static_cast<T>(n));
 		}
-		template<typename T, typename sprout::enabler_if<std::is_signed<T>::value>::type = sprout::enabler>
-		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR int
+		template<typename T>
+		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
+			std::is_signed<T>::value,
+			int
+		>::type
 		clz(T n) {
 			return sprout::detail::clz(static_cast<typename std::make_unsigned<T>::type>(n));
 		}
@@ -42,8 +48,11 @@ namespace sprout {
 	//
 	// clz
 	//
-	template<typename T, typename sprout::enabler_if<std::is_integral<T>::value>::type = sprout::enabler>
-	inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR int
+	template<typename T>
+	inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
+		std::is_integral<T>::value,
+		int
+	>::type
 	clz(T n) {
 		return sprout::detail::clz(n);
 	}
diff --git a/sprout/bit/ctz.hpp b/sprout/bit/ctz.hpp
index 06eb7622..3f51a6b2 100644
--- a/sprout/bit/ctz.hpp
+++ b/sprout/bit/ctz.hpp
@@ -20,15 +20,21 @@ namespace sprout {
 			return __builtin_ctzll(n);
 		}
 #	endif
-		template<typename T, typename sprout::enabler_if<std::is_unsigned<T>::value>::type = sprout::enabler>
-		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR int
+		template<typename T>
+		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
+			std::is_unsigned<T>::value,
+			int
+		>::type
 		ctz(T n) {
 			return n & 1 ? 0
 				: 1 + sprout::detail::ctz(static_cast<T>(n >> 1))
 				;
 		}
-		template<typename T, typename sprout::enabler_if<std::is_signed<T>::value>::type = sprout::enabler>
-		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR int
+		template<typename T>
+		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
+			std::is_signed<T>::value,
+			int
+		>::type
 		ctz(T n) {
 			return sprout::detail::ctz(static_cast<typename std::make_unsigned<T>::type>(n));
 		}
@@ -36,8 +42,11 @@ namespace sprout {
 	//
 	// ctz
 	//
-	template<typename T, typename sprout::enabler_if<std::is_integral<T>::value>::type = sprout::enabler>
-	inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR int
+	template<typename T>
+	inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
+		std::is_integral<T>::value,
+		int
+	>::type
 	ctz(T n) {
 		return sprout::detail::ctz(n);
 	}
diff --git a/sprout/bit/popcount.hpp b/sprout/bit/popcount.hpp
index 7067735d..32d62236 100644
--- a/sprout/bit/popcount.hpp
+++ b/sprout/bit/popcount.hpp
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <sprout/config.hpp>
-#include <sprout/type_traits/enabler_if.hpp>
 
 namespace sprout {
 	namespace detail {
@@ -21,15 +20,21 @@ namespace sprout {
 			return __builtin_popcountll(n);
 		}
 #	endif
-		template<typename T, typename sprout::enabler_if<std::is_unsigned<T>::value>::type = sprout::enabler>
-		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR int
+		template<typename T>
+		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
+			std::is_unsigned<T>::value,
+			int
+		>::type
 		popcount(T n) {
 			return n == 0 ? 0
 				: 1 + sprout::detail::popcount(static_cast<T>(n & (n - 1)))
 				;
 		}
-		template<typename T, typename sprout::enabler_if<std::is_signed<T>::value>::type = sprout::enabler>
-		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR int
+		template<typename T>
+		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
+			std::is_signed<T>::value,
+			int
+		>::type
 		popcount(T n) {
 			return sprout::detail::popcount(static_cast<typename std::make_unsigned<T>::type>(n));
 		}
@@ -37,8 +42,11 @@ namespace sprout {
 	//
 	// popcount
 	//
-	template<typename T, typename sprout::enabler_if<std::is_integral<T>::value>::type = sprout::enabler>
-	inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR int
+	template<typename T>
+	inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
+		std::is_integral<T>::value,
+		int
+	>::type
 	popcount(T n) {
 		return sprout::detail::popcount(n);
 	}
diff --git a/sprout/bit/rotate.hpp b/sprout/bit/rotate.hpp
index 242ee03d..fa6dc0b9 100644
--- a/sprout/bit/rotate.hpp
+++ b/sprout/bit/rotate.hpp
@@ -5,14 +5,16 @@
 #include <climits>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <sprout/config.hpp>
-#include <sprout/type_traits/enabler_if.hpp>
 
 namespace sprout {
 	//
 	// left_rotate
 	//
-	template<typename T, typename sprout::enabler_if<std::is_integral<T>::value>::type = sprout::enabler>
-	inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR T
+	template<typename T>
+	inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
+		std::is_integral<T>::value,
+		T
+	>::type
 	left_rotate(T x, std::size_t n) {
 		return (x << n) ^ (x >> (sizeof(T) * CHAR_BIT - n));
 	}
@@ -20,8 +22,11 @@ namespace sprout {
 	//
 	// right_rotate
 	//
-	template<typename T, typename sprout::enabler_if<std::is_integral<T>::value>::type = sprout::enabler>
-	inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR T
+	template<typename T>
+	inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
+		std::is_integral<T>::value,
+		T
+	>::type
 	right_rotate(T x, std::size_t n) {
 		return (x >> n) ^ (x << (sizeof(T) * CHAR_BIT - n));
 	}
diff --git a/sprout/cinttypes/abs.hpp b/sprout/cinttypes/abs.hpp
index c787b8cc..2e5ec0b1 100644
--- a/sprout/cinttypes/abs.hpp
+++ b/sprout/cinttypes/abs.hpp
@@ -2,9 +2,7 @@
 #define SPROUT_CINTTYPES_ABS_HPP
 
 #include <cstdint>
-#include <type_traits>
 #include <sprout/config.hpp>
-#include <sprout/type_traits/enabler_if.hpp>
 
 namespace sprout {
 	inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR std::intmax_t
diff --git a/sprout/cinttypes/div.hpp b/sprout/cinttypes/div.hpp
index 119d5a18..a2d4c887 100644
--- a/sprout/cinttypes/div.hpp
+++ b/sprout/cinttypes/div.hpp
@@ -4,12 +4,26 @@
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <cstdlib>
 #include <cstdint>
-#include <cinttypes>
+#if !defined(_MSC_VER)
+#	include <cinttypes>
+#endif
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <sprout/config.hpp>
-#include <sprout/type_traits/enabler_if.hpp>
 
 namespace sprout {
+	//
+	// imaxdiv_t
+	//
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+	struct imaxdiv_t {
+	public:
+		std::intmax_t quot;
+		std::intmax_t rem;
+	};
+#else
+	typedef std::imaxdiv_t imaxdiv_t;
+#endif
+
 	namespace detail {
 		template<typename T>
 		struct div_t_traits2 {};
@@ -23,42 +37,48 @@ namespace sprout {
 			SPROUT_STATIC_CONSTEXPR std::size_t offsetof_rem = offsetof(DIV_T, rem); \
 		}
 
-		SPROUT_DETAIL_DIV_T_TRAITS2_IMPL(std::intmax_t, std::imaxdiv_t);
+		SPROUT_DETAIL_DIV_T_TRAITS2_IMPL(std::intmax_t, sprout::imaxdiv_t);
 #	undef SPROUT_DETAIL_DIV_T_TRAITS2_IMPL
 
-		template<
-			typename T,
-			typename sprout::enabler_if<
-				sprout::detail::div_t_traits2<T>::offsetof_quot == 0
-			>::type = sprout::enabler
-		>
-		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename sprout::detail::div_t_traits2<T>::type
+		template<typename T>
+		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
+			sprout::detail::div_t_traits2<T>::offsetof_quot == 0,
+			typename sprout::detail::div_t_traits2<T>::type
+		>::type
 		div_impl2(T const& numer, T const& denom) {
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+			typename sprout::detail::div_t_traits2<T>::type result = {numer / denom, numer % denom};
+			return result;
+#else
 			return {numer / denom, numer % denom};
+#endif
 		}
 
-		template<
-			typename T,
-			typename sprout::enabler_if<
-				sprout::detail::div_t_traits2<T>::offsetof_rem == 0
-			>::type = sprout::enabler
-		>
-		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename sprout::detail::div_t_traits2<T>::type
+		template<typename T>
+		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
+			sprout::detail::div_t_traits2<T>::offsetof_rem == 0,
+			typename sprout::detail::div_t_traits2<T>::type
+		>::type
 		div_impl2(T const &numer, T const& denom) {
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+			typename sprout::detail::div_t_traits2<T>::type result = {numer % denom, numer / denom};
+			return result;
+#else
 			return {numer % denom, numer / denom};
+#endif
 		}
 	}	// namespace detail
 
-	inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR std::imaxdiv_t
+	inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR sprout::imaxdiv_t
 	imaxdiv(std::intmax_t numer, std::intmax_t denom) {
 		return sprout::detail::div_impl2(numer, denom);
 	}
 
-	template<
-		typename T,
-		typename sprout::enabler_if<std::is_same<T, std::intmax_t>::value>::type = sprout::enabler
-	>
-	inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR std::imaxdiv_t
+	template<typename T>
+	inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
+		std::is_same<T, std::intmax_t>::value,
+		sprout::imaxdiv_t
+	>::type
 	div(T numer, T denom) {
 		return sprout::imaxdiv(numer, denom);
 	}
diff --git a/sprout/container/weak_rebind_size.hpp b/sprout/container/weak_rebind_size.hpp
index 4deda56f..08bfac35 100644
--- a/sprout/container/weak_rebind_size.hpp
+++ b/sprout/container/weak_rebind_size.hpp
@@ -15,10 +15,17 @@ namespace sprout {
 			std::true_type sprout_has_xxx_impl_check_template_rebind_size(int);
 			template<typename T>
 			std::false_type sprout_has_xxx_impl_check_template_rebind_size(long);
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+			template<typename T, typename Base_ = decltype(sprout::containers::detail::sprout_has_xxx_impl_check_template_rebind_size<T>(0))>
+			struct has_rebind_size
+				: public Base_
+			{};
+#else
 			template<typename T>
 			struct has_rebind_size
-				: decltype(sprout::containers::detail::sprout_has_xxx_impl_check_template_rebind_size<T>(0))
+				: public decltype(sprout::containers::detail::sprout_has_xxx_impl_check_template_rebind_size<T>(0))
 			{};
+#endif
 		}	// namespace detail
 		//
 		// is_rebindable_size
diff --git a/sprout/cstdlib/abs.hpp b/sprout/cstdlib/abs.hpp
index 46f5323f..2976eb71 100644
--- a/sprout/cstdlib/abs.hpp
+++ b/sprout/cstdlib/abs.hpp
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <sprout/config.hpp>
-#include <sprout/type_traits/enabler_if.hpp>
 
 namespace sprout {
 	// Copyright (C) 2011 RiSK (sscrisk)
@@ -35,23 +34,20 @@ namespace sprout {
 	}
 
 	namespace {
-		template<
-			typename IntType,
-			typename sprout::enabler_if<
-				std::is_integral<IntType>::value && std::is_signed<IntType>::value
-			>::type = sprout::enabler
-		>
-		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR IntType
+		template<typename IntType>
+		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
+			std::is_integral<IntType>::value && std::is_signed<IntType>::value,
+			IntType
+		>::type
 		abs(IntType j) {
 			return j < 0 ? -j : j;
 		}
-		template<
-			typename IntType,
-			typename sprout::enabler_if<
-				std::is_integral<IntType>::value && std::is_unsigned<IntType>::value
-			>::type = sprout::enabler
-		>
-		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR IntType
+
+		template<typename IntType>
+		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
+			std::is_integral<IntType>::value && std::is_unsigned<IntType>::value,
+			IntType
+		>::type
 		abs(IntType j) {
 			return j;
 		}
diff --git a/sprout/cstdlib/ascii_to_int.hpp b/sprout/cstdlib/ascii_to_int.hpp
index 2507265a..f67a1fb0 100644
--- a/sprout/cstdlib/ascii_to_int.hpp
+++ b/sprout/cstdlib/ascii_to_int.hpp
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 #include <sprout/config.hpp>
 #include <sprout/iterator/operation.hpp>
 #include <sprout/ctype/ascii.hpp>
-#include <sprout/type_traits/enabler_if.hpp>
 
 namespace sprout {
 	namespace detail {
@@ -27,8 +26,11 @@ namespace sprout {
 					)
 				;
 		}
-		template<typename IntType, typename CStrIterator, typename sprout::enabler_if<std::is_unsigned<IntType>::value>::type = sprout::enabler>
-		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR IntType
+		template<typename IntType, typename CStrIterator>
+		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
+			std::is_unsigned<IntType>::value,
+			IntType
+		>::type
 		ascii_to_int(CStrIterator str) {
 			return sprout::ascii::isspace(*str)
 				? sprout::detail::ascii_to_int<IntType>(sprout::next(str))
@@ -37,8 +39,11 @@ namespace sprout {
 				: sprout::detail::ascii_to_int_impl<IntType>(str, IntType(), false)
 				;
 		}
-		template<typename IntType, typename CStrIterator, typename sprout::enabler_if<std::is_signed<IntType>::value>::type = sprout::enabler>
-		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR IntType
+		template<typename IntType, typename CStrIterator>
+		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
+			std::is_signed<IntType>::value,
+			IntType
+		>::type
 		ascii_to_int(CStrIterator str) {
 			return sprout::ascii::isspace(*str)
 				? sprout::detail::ascii_to_int<IntType>(sprout::next(str))
@@ -54,8 +59,11 @@ namespace sprout {
 	//
 	// ascii_to_int
 	//
-	template<typename IntType, typename Char, typename sprout::enabler_if<std::is_integral<IntType>::value>::type = sprout::enabler>
-	inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR IntType
+	template<typename IntType, typename Char>
+	inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
+		std::is_integral<IntType>::value,
+		IntType
+	>::type
 	ascii_to_int(Char const* str) {
 		return sprout::detail::ascii_to_int<IntType>(str);
 	}
diff --git a/sprout/cstdlib/div.hpp b/sprout/cstdlib/div.hpp
index b41851d5..df0934c9 100644
--- a/sprout/cstdlib/div.hpp
+++ b/sprout/cstdlib/div.hpp
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
 #include <cstdlib>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <sprout/config.hpp>
-#include <sprout/type_traits/enabler_if.hpp>
 
 namespace sprout {
 	// Copyright (C) 2011 RiSK (sscrisk)
@@ -28,26 +27,32 @@ namespace sprout {
 		SPROUT_DETAIL_DIV_T_TRAITS_IMPL(long long, std::lldiv_t);
 #	undef SPROUT_DETAIL_DIV_T_TRAITS_IMPL
 
-		template<
-			typename T,
-			typename sprout::enabler_if<
-				sprout::detail::div_t_traits<T>::offsetof_quot == 0
-			>::type = sprout::enabler
-		>
-		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename sprout::detail::div_t_traits<T>::type
+		template<typename T>
+		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
+			sprout::detail::div_t_traits<T>::offsetof_quot == 0,
+			typename sprout::detail::div_t_traits<T>::type
+		>::type
 		div_impl(T const& numer, T const& denom) {
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+			typename sprout::detail::div_t_traits<T>::type result = {numer / denom, numer % denom};
+			return result;
+#else
 			return {numer / denom, numer % denom};
+#endif
 		}
 
-		template<
-			typename T,
-			typename sprout::enabler_if<
-				sprout::detail::div_t_traits<T>::offsetof_rem == 0
-			>::type = sprout::enabler
-		>
-		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename sprout::detail::div_t_traits<T>::type
+		template<typename T>
+		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
+			sprout::detail::div_t_traits<T>::offsetof_rem == 0,
+			typename sprout::detail::div_t_traits<T>::type
+		>::type
 		div_impl(T const &numer, T const& denom) {
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+			typename sprout::detail::div_t_traits<T>::type result = {numer % denom, numer / denom};
+			return result;
+#else
 			return {numer % denom, numer / denom};
+#endif
 		}
 	}	// namespace detail
 
diff --git a/sprout/cstdlib/str_to_float.hpp b/sprout/cstdlib/str_to_float.hpp
index 901179b0..9de23e0a 100644
--- a/sprout/cstdlib/str_to_float.hpp
+++ b/sprout/cstdlib/str_to_float.hpp
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 #include <sprout/config.hpp>
 #include <sprout/iterator/operation.hpp>
 #include <sprout/ctype/ascii.hpp>
-#include <sprout/type_traits/enabler_if.hpp>
 
 namespace sprout {
 	namespace detail {
@@ -246,18 +245,29 @@ namespace sprout {
 	//
 	// str_to_float
 	//
-	template<typename FloatType, typename Char, typename sprout::enabler_if<std::is_floating_point<FloatType>::value>::type = sprout::enabler>
-	inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR FloatType
+	template<typename FloatType, typename Char>
+	inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
+		std::is_floating_point<FloatType>::value,
+		FloatType
+	>::type
 	str_to_float(Char const* str, Char** endptr) {
 		return sprout::detail::str_to_float<FloatType>(str, endptr);
 	}
-	template<typename FloatType, typename Char, typename sprout::enabler_if<std::is_floating_point<FloatType>::value>::type = sprout::enabler>
-	inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR FloatType
+
+	template<typename FloatType, typename Char>
+	inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
+		std::is_floating_point<FloatType>::value,
+		FloatType
+	>::type
 	str_to_float(Char const* str, std::nullptr_t endptr) {
 		return sprout::detail::str_to_float<FloatType>(str);
 	}
-	template<typename FloatType, typename Char, typename sprout::enabler_if<std::is_floating_point<FloatType>::value>::type = sprout::enabler>
-	inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR FloatType
+
+	template<typename FloatType, typename Char>
+	inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
+		std::is_floating_point<FloatType>::value,
+		FloatType
+	>::type
 	str_to_float(Char const* str) {
 		return sprout::detail::str_to_float<FloatType>(str);
 	}
diff --git a/sprout/cstdlib/str_to_int.hpp b/sprout/cstdlib/str_to_int.hpp
index 44539471..864c8f44 100644
--- a/sprout/cstdlib/str_to_int.hpp
+++ b/sprout/cstdlib/str_to_int.hpp
@@ -3,13 +3,14 @@
 
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <cstdlib>
-#include <cinttypes>
+#if !defined(_MSC_VER)
+#	include <cinttypes>
+#endif
 #include <limits>
 #include <type_traits>
 #include <sprout/config.hpp>
 #include <sprout/iterator/operation.hpp>
 #include <sprout/ctype/ascii.hpp>
-#include <sprout/type_traits/enabler_if.hpp>
 #include <sprout/detail/char_conversion.hpp>
 
 namespace sprout {
@@ -60,8 +61,11 @@ namespace sprout {
 					)
 				;
 		}
-		template<typename IntType, typename CStrIterator, typename sprout::enabler_if<std::is_unsigned<IntType>::value>::type = sprout::enabler>
-		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR IntType
+		template<typename IntType, typename CStrIterator>
+		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
+			std::is_unsigned<IntType>::value,
+			IntType
+		>::type
 		str_to_int(CStrIterator str, int base) {
 			return sprout::ascii::isspace(*str)
 					? sprout::detail::str_to_int<IntType>(sprout::next(str), base)
@@ -70,8 +74,11 @@ namespace sprout {
 				: sprout::detail::str_to_int_impl<IntType>(str, base, false)
 				;
 		}
-		template<typename IntType, typename CStrIterator, typename sprout::enabler_if<std::is_signed<IntType>::value>::type = sprout::enabler>
-		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR IntType
+		template<typename IntType, typename CStrIterator>
+		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
+			std::is_signed<IntType>::value,
+			IntType
+		>::type
 		str_to_int(CStrIterator str, int base) {
 			return sprout::ascii::isspace(*str)
 					? sprout::detail::str_to_int<IntType>(sprout::next(str), base)
@@ -85,6 +92,13 @@ namespace sprout {
 		template<typename IntType, typename CStrIterator, typename CharPtr>
 		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR IntType
 		str_to_int(CStrIterator str, CharPtr* endptr, int base) {
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+			return !endptr ? sprout::detail::str_to_int<IntType>(str, base)
+				: std::is_signed<IntType>::value
+					? static_cast<IntType>(std::strtol(&*str, endptr, base))
+					: static_cast<IntType>(std::strtoul(&*str, endptr, base))
+				;
+#else
 			return !endptr ? sprout::detail::str_to_int<IntType>(str, base)
 				: std::is_signed<IntType>::value
 					? sizeof(IntType) <= sizeof(long) ? static_cast<IntType>(std::strtol(&*str, endptr, base))
@@ -94,24 +108,36 @@ namespace sprout {
 						: sizeof(IntType) <= sizeof(unsigned long long) ? static_cast<IntType>(std::strtoull(&*str, endptr, base))
 						: static_cast<IntType>(std::strtoumax(&*str, endptr, base))
 				;
+#endif
 		}
 	}	// namespace detail
 
 	//
 	// str_to_int
 	//
-	template<typename IntType, typename Char, typename sprout::enabler_if<std::is_integral<IntType>::value>::type = sprout::enabler>
-	inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR IntType
+	template<typename IntType, typename Char>
+	inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
+		std::is_integral<IntType>::value,
+		IntType
+	>::type
 	str_to_int(Char const* str, Char** endptr, int base = 10) {
 		return sprout::detail::str_to_int<IntType>(str, endptr, base);
 	}
-	template<typename IntType, typename Char, typename sprout::enabler_if<std::is_integral<IntType>::value>::type = sprout::enabler>
-	inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR IntType
+
+	template<typename IntType, typename Char>
+	inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
+		std::is_integral<IntType>::value,
+		IntType
+	>::type
 	str_to_int(Char const* str, std::nullptr_t endptr, int base = 10) {
 		return sprout::detail::str_to_int<IntType>(str, base);
 	}
-	template<typename IntType, typename Char, typename sprout::enabler_if<std::is_integral<IntType>::value>::type = sprout::enabler>
-	inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR IntType
+
+	template<typename IntType, typename Char>
+	inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename std::enable_if<
+		std::is_integral<IntType>::value,
+		IntType
+	>::type
 	str_to_int(Char const* str, int base = 10) {
 		return sprout::detail::str_to_int<IntType>(str, base);
 	}
diff --git a/sprout/detail/algorithm/overlap_count.hpp b/sprout/detail/algorithm/overlap_count.hpp
index 16115031..4ad04896 100644
--- a/sprout/detail/algorithm/overlap_count.hpp
+++ b/sprout/detail/algorithm/overlap_count.hpp
@@ -4,15 +4,49 @@
 #include <iterator>
 #include <sprout/config.hpp>
 #include <sprout/iterator/operation.hpp>
+#include HDR_ITERATOR_SSCRISK_CEL_OR_SPROUT
 #include HDR_FUNCTIONAL_SSCRISK_CEL_OR_SPROUT
 
 namespace sprout {
 	namespace detail {
+		template<typename RandomAccessIterator, typename BinaryPredicate>
+		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename std::iterator_traits<RandomAccessIterator>::difference_type
+		overlap_count_impl_ra(
+			RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator last, BinaryPredicate pred,
+			typename std::iterator_traits<RandomAccessIterator>::difference_type pivot
+			)
+		{
+			return pivot == 0 ? (pred(*first, *last) ? 1 : 0)
+				: sprout::detail::overlap_count_impl_ra(
+					first, sprout::next(first, pivot), pred,
+					pivot / 2
+					)
+					+ sprout::detail::overlap_count_impl_ra(
+						sprout::next(first, pivot), last, pred,
+						(NS_SSCRISK_CEL_OR_SPROUT::distance(first, last) - pivot) / 2
+						)
+				;
+		}
+		template<typename RandomAccessIterator, typename BinaryPredicate>
+		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename std::iterator_traits<RandomAccessIterator>::difference_type
+		overlap_count(
+			RandomAccessIterator first, RandomAccessIterator last, BinaryPredicate pred,
+			std::random_access_iterator_tag*
+			)
+		{
+			return first == last || NS_SSCRISK_CEL_OR_SPROUT::distance(first, last) == 1 ? 0
+				: sprout::detail::overlap_count_impl_ra(
+					first, sprout::next(first, NS_SSCRISK_CEL_OR_SPROUT::distance(first, last) - 1), pred,
+					(NS_SSCRISK_CEL_OR_SPROUT::distance(first, last) - 1) / 2
+					)
+				;
+		}
+
 		template<typename InputIterator, typename BinaryPredicate>
 		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename std::iterator_traits<InputIterator>::difference_type
 		overlap_count_impl(
-			InputIterator first, InputIterator last,
-			BinaryPredicate pred, typename std::iterator_traits<InputIterator>::value_type const& value
+			InputIterator first, InputIterator last, BinaryPredicate pred,
+			typename std::iterator_traits<InputIterator>::value_type const& value
 			)
 		{
 			return first == last ? 0
@@ -20,6 +54,17 @@ namespace sprout {
 				: sprout::detail::overlap_count_impl(sprout::next(first), last, pred, *first)
 				;
 		}
+		template<typename InputIterator, typename BinaryPredicate>
+		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename std::iterator_traits<InputIterator>::difference_type
+		overlap_count_impl(
+			InputIterator first, InputIterator last, BinaryPredicate pred,
+			void*
+			)
+		{
+			return first == last ? 0
+				: sprout::detail::overlap_count_impl(sprout::next(first), last, pred, *first)
+				;
+		}
 
 		//
 		// overlap_count
@@ -27,9 +72,8 @@ namespace sprout {
 		template<typename InputIterator, typename BinaryPredicate>
 		inline SPROUT_CONSTEXPR typename std::iterator_traits<InputIterator>::difference_type
 		overlap_count(InputIterator first, InputIterator last, BinaryPredicate pred) {
-			return first == last ? 0
-				: sprout::detail::overlap_count_impl(sprout::next(first), last, pred, *first)
-				;
+			typedef typename std::iterator_traits<InputIterator>::iterator_category* category;
+			return sprout::detail::overlap_count(first, last, pred, category());
 		}
 
 		template<typename InputIterator>
diff --git a/sprout/generator/generated_value.hpp b/sprout/generator/generated_value.hpp
index 555f8e2a..6745ec56 100644
--- a/sprout/generator/generated_value.hpp
+++ b/sprout/generator/generated_value.hpp
@@ -28,10 +28,17 @@ namespace sprout_generator_detail {
 		static std::true_type test(int);
 		static std::false_type test(...);
 	};
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+	template<typename T, typename Base_ = decltype(sprout_generator_detail::has_adl_generated_value_test<T>::test(0))>
+	struct has_adl_generated_value
+		: public Base_
+	{};
+#else
 	template<typename T>
 	struct has_adl_generated_value
 		: public decltype(sprout_generator_detail::has_adl_generated_value_test<T>::test(0))
 	{};
+#endif
 
 	template<typename T>
 	struct has_mem_generated_value_test {
@@ -43,10 +50,17 @@ namespace sprout_generator_detail {
 		static std::true_type test(int);
 		static std::false_type test(...);
 	};
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+	template<typename T, typename Base_ = decltype(sprout_generator_detail::has_mem_generated_value_test<T>::test(0))>
+	struct has_mem_generated_value
+		: public Base_
+	{};
+#else
 	template<typename T>
 	struct has_mem_generated_value
 		: public decltype(sprout_generator_detail::has_mem_generated_value_test<T>::test(0))
 	{};
+#endif
 
 	template<typename T>
 	struct has_get_generated_value_test {
@@ -58,10 +72,17 @@ namespace sprout_generator_detail {
 		static std::true_type test(int);
 		static std::false_type test(...);
 	};
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+	template<typename T, typename Base_ = decltype(sprout_generator_detail::has_get_generated_value_test<T>::test(0))>
+	struct has_get_generated_value
+		: public Base_
+	{};
+#else
 	template<typename T>
 	struct has_get_generated_value
 		: public decltype(sprout_generator_detail::has_get_generated_value_test<T>::test(0))
 	{};
+#endif
 
 	template<typename T, typename Enable = void>
 	struct select_adl_generated_value;
diff --git a/sprout/generator/next_generator.hpp b/sprout/generator/next_generator.hpp
index 47932258..643808fc 100644
--- a/sprout/generator/next_generator.hpp
+++ b/sprout/generator/next_generator.hpp
@@ -28,10 +28,17 @@ namespace sprout_generator_detail {
 		static std::true_type test(int);
 		static std::false_type test(...);
 	};
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+	template<typename T, typename Base_ = decltype(sprout_generator_detail::has_adl_next_generator_test<T>::test(0))>
+	struct has_adl_next_generator
+		: public Base_
+	{};
+#else
 	template<typename T>
 	struct has_adl_next_generator
 		: public decltype(sprout_generator_detail::has_adl_next_generator_test<T>::test(0))
 	{};
+#endif
 
 	template<typename T>
 	struct has_mem_next_generator_test {
@@ -43,10 +50,17 @@ namespace sprout_generator_detail {
 		static std::true_type test(int);
 		static std::false_type test(...);
 	};
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+	template<typename T, typename Base_ = decltype(sprout_generator_detail::has_mem_next_generator_test<T>::test(0))>
+	struct has_mem_next_generator
+		: public Base_
+	{};
+#else
 	template<typename T>
 	struct has_mem_next_generator
 		: public decltype(sprout_generator_detail::has_mem_next_generator_test<T>::test(0))
 	{};
+#endif
 
 	template<typename T>
 	struct has_get_next_generator_test {
@@ -58,10 +72,17 @@ namespace sprout_generator_detail {
 		static std::true_type test(int);
 		static std::false_type test(...);
 	};
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+	template<typename T, typename Base_ = decltype(sprout_generator_detail::has_get_next_generator_test<T>::test(0))>
+	struct has_get_next_generator
+		: public Base_
+	{};
+#else
 	template<typename T>
 	struct has_get_next_generator
 		: public decltype(sprout_generator_detail::has_get_next_generator_test<T>::test(0))
 	{};
+#endif
 
 	template<typename T, typename Enable = void>
 	struct select_adl_next_generator;
diff --git a/sprout/tuple/tuple/get.hpp b/sprout/tuple/tuple/get.hpp
index 674ecafe..a66743e7 100644
--- a/sprout/tuple/tuple/get.hpp
+++ b/sprout/tuple/tuple/get.hpp
@@ -120,10 +120,17 @@ namespace sprout_tuple_detail {
 		static std::true_type test(int);
 		static std::false_type test(...);
 	};
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+	template<std::size_t I, typename T, typename Base_ = decltype(sprout_tuple_detail::has_adl_tuple_get_test<I, T>::test(0))>
+	struct has_adl_tuple_get
+		: public Base_
+	{};
+#else
 	template<std::size_t I, typename T>
 	struct has_adl_tuple_get
 		: public decltype(sprout_tuple_detail::has_adl_tuple_get_test<I, T>::test(0))
 	{};
+#endif
 
 	template<std::size_t I, typename T>
 	struct has_std_get_test {
@@ -135,10 +142,17 @@ namespace sprout_tuple_detail {
 		static std::true_type test(int);
 		static std::false_type test(...);
 	};
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+	template<std::size_t I, typename T, typename Base_ = decltype(sprout_tuple_detail::has_std_get_test<I, T>::test(0))>
+	struct has_std_get
+		: public Base_
+	{};
+#else
 	template<std::size_t I, typename T>
 	struct has_std_get
 		: public decltype(sprout_tuple_detail::has_std_get_test<I, T>::test(0))
 	{};
+#endif
 
 	template<std::size_t I, typename T, typename Enable = void>
 	struct select_adl_tuple_get;
diff --git a/sprout/type_traits/has_xxx.hpp b/sprout/type_traits/has_xxx.hpp
index 8240a53b..c30d9e60 100644
--- a/sprout/type_traits/has_xxx.hpp
+++ b/sprout/type_traits/has_xxx.hpp
@@ -9,6 +9,17 @@
 // SPROUT_HAS_XXX_TYPE_DEF
 // SPROUT_HAS_XXX_TYPE_DEF_LAZY
 //
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#define SPROUT_HAS_XXX_TYPE_DEF(NAME, TYPE) \
+	template<typename T, typename = typename T::TYPE> \
+	std::true_type SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(sprout_has_xxx_impl_check_type_, TYPE), NAME), __LINE__)(int); \
+	template<typename T> \
+	std::false_type SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(sprout_has_xxx_impl_check_type_, TYPE), NAME), __LINE__)(long); \
+	template<typename T, typename Base_ = decltype(SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(sprout_has_xxx_impl_check_type_, TYPE), NAME), __LINE__)<T>(0))> \
+	struct NAME \
+		: public Base_ \
+	{}
+#else
 #define SPROUT_HAS_XXX_TYPE_DEF(NAME, TYPE) \
 	template<typename T, typename = typename T::TYPE> \
 	std::true_type SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(sprout_has_xxx_impl_check_type_, TYPE), NAME), __LINE__)(int); \
@@ -16,8 +27,9 @@
 	std::false_type SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(sprout_has_xxx_impl_check_type_, TYPE), NAME), __LINE__)(long); \
 	template<typename T> \
 	struct NAME \
-		: decltype(SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(sprout_has_xxx_impl_check_type_, TYPE), NAME), __LINE__)<T>(0)) \
+		: public decltype(SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(sprout_has_xxx_impl_check_type_, TYPE), NAME), __LINE__)<T>(0)) \
 	{}
+#endif
 #define SPROUT_HAS_XXX_TYPE_DEF_LAZY(TYPE) \
 	SPROUT_HAS_XXX_TYPE_DEF(SPROUT_PP_CAT(has_, TYPE), TYPE)
 
@@ -25,6 +37,17 @@
 // SPROUT_HAS_XXX_VALUE_DEF
 // SPROUT_HAS_XXX_VALUE_DEF_LAZY
 //
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
+#define SPROUT_HAS_XXX_VALUE_DEF(NAME, VALUE) \
+	template<typename T, decltype(&T::VALUE) = &T::VALUE> \
+	std::true_type SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(sprout_has_xxx_impl_check_value_, VALUE), NAME), __LINE__)(int); \
+	template<typename T> \
+	std::false_type SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(sprout_has_xxx_impl_check_value_, VALUE), NAME), __LINE__)(long); \
+	template<typename T, typename Base_ = decltype(SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(sprout_has_xxx_impl_check_value_, VALUE), NAME), __LINE__)<T>(0))> \
+	struct NAME \
+		: public Base_ \
+	{}
+#else
 #define SPROUT_HAS_XXX_VALUE_DEF(NAME, VALUE) \
 	template<typename T, decltype(&T::VALUE) = &T::VALUE> \
 	std::true_type SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(sprout_has_xxx_impl_check_value_, VALUE), NAME), __LINE__)(int); \
@@ -32,8 +55,9 @@
 	std::false_type SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(sprout_has_xxx_impl_check_value_, VALUE), NAME), __LINE__)(long); \
 	template<typename T> \
 	struct NAME \
-		: decltype(SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(sprout_has_xxx_impl_check_value_, VALUE), NAME), __LINE__)<T>(0)) \
+		: public decltype(SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(SPROUT_PP_CAT(sprout_has_xxx_impl_check_value_, VALUE), NAME), __LINE__)<T>(0)) \
 	{}
+#endif
 #define SPROUT_HAS_XXX_VALUE_DEF_LAZY(VALUE) \
 	SPROUT_HAS_XXX_VALUE_DEF(SPROUT_PP_CAT(has_, VALUE), VALUE)